2023-07-11 16:02:32
Title: Increased Incidence of Ringworm Poses Risks for Unborn Babies, MedUni Vienna Reports
Subtitle: The otherwise harmless infection can be dangerous for pregnant women, warns the Center for Virology
Vienna, 11th July 2023 – MedUni Vienna’s Center for Virology has raised an alarm over an increased incidence of ringworm, a classic childhood disease, which can pose risks for unborn babies if contracted by pregnant women. Although typically harmless, the infection can become life-threatening for the fetus if the mother has not previously been infected.
In its latest virus epidemiological information release, the Center for Virology highlighted the rising evidence of parvovirus B19 (B19V) infections, commonly known as ringworms. This infection should not be confused with German measles, caused by the rubella virus.
The circulation of the parvovirus B19 had dramatically reduced in Austria due to hygiene and distancing measures implemented during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in 2021 and 2022. However, since the beginning of this year, the center has observed a significant increase in cases.
Ringworm infections often go unnoticed or manifest as mild flu-like symptoms, including a low-grade fever, headache, feeling unwell, and swollen lymph nodes. A rash may also appear, primarily on the cheeks, presenting a large, butterfly-shaped reddening and slight swelling. However, the rash occurs in only 15 to 20 percent of those infected.
While ringworm is mostly harmless, it can be extremely dangerous for pregnant women, especially if they have not previously contracted the infection. Once infected, individuals develop lifelong immunity. However, in pregnant women without prior exposure, the infection can be life-threatening for the unborn child. Severe anemia can ensue, leading to potential miscarriage or stillbirth.
The transmission of B19V primarily occurs via droplets, similar to most viral infectious diseases. The viruses can also be spread through contaminated objects like doorknobs or toys, serving as transmission vectors.
The risk of transmitting B19V to the fetus in the uterus is estimated to be between 17 to 33 percent, with the highest risk occurring during the second trimester. Pregnant women diagnosed with acute B19V infections should undergo frequent ultrasound checks at prenatal special centers for several weeks. This year alone, the Center for Virology recommended such check-ups to six pregnant women with acute B19V infections.
To determine whether an infection was already present in pregnant women at risk of exposure, blood tests are recommended. If the tests confirm prior exposure, there is no danger to the pregnant woman or the fetus. However, if no previous infection is detected, close monitoring through bi-weekly ultrasound scans for 12 weeks is necessary to promptly identify any signs of anemia. In such cases, a blood transfusion can be administered via an umbilical cord puncture, which may save the child’s life.
This recent report from MedUni Vienna serves as a crucial reminder for pregnant women to take extra precautions to avoid ringworm infections. Maintaining good hygiene practices and limiting exposure to potentially contaminated environments can greatly reduce the risk of contracting the infection.
As the incidence of ringworm continues to rise, health authorities and medical professionals are urging expectant mothers and those planning to conceive to remain vigilant and seek medical guidance to safeguard the health and well-being of their unborn children.
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