Title: France Blamed for Recent Coup Trend in Francophone Africa
Subtitle: Allegations of neocolonialism and corrupt ties to African leaders raise questions about France’s role
Date: [Current Date]
In a troubling trend of military coups in West Africa, Niger has become the latest country to fall victim, following the footsteps of Burkina Faso, Guinea, Mali, and Chad – all former French colonies. As 78% of the 27 coups in sub-Saharan Africa since 1990 occurred in Francophone states, questions are being raised about the role of France and its colonial legacy in the region.
Many of the coup plotters have not shied away from blaming France. Colonel Abdoulaye Maiga, recently appointed prime minister by the military junta in Mali, launched an attack on France, criticizing its neocolonialist and vengeful policies. Anti-French sentiments have also flourished in Burkina Faso, leading to the termination of a long-standing military accord with France in February.
Allegations that President Mohamed Bazoum of Niger was a puppet for French interests were used to justify his removal from power, and the military junta led by Gen Abdourahmane Tchiani has since revoked five military deals with France. The coup sparked popular protests and attacks on the French embassy, highlighting the deep grievances held by some against the former colonial power.
Critics argue that French colonial rule established political systems that exploited resources while employing repressive tactics to maintain control. France’s continued engagement in the politics and economics of its former territories after independence, including the use of the CFA franc as their currency and military interventions, has also raised concerns about its influence.
The relationship between French political leaders and their African allies has often been tainted by corruption, creating a wealthy elite at the expense of African citizens. This dynamic, hidden by the term “Françafrique,” has resulted in large-scale misappropriation of funds. While recent French governments have tried to distance themselves from Françafrique, ongoing corruption cases continue to tarnish the relationship between France and Africa.
However, it is important to acknowledge that France is not the sole former colonial power to prop up authoritarian leaders. During the Cold War era, the United Kingdom and the United States supported dictators in various African countries. The correlation between coup attempts and former colonial powers is less prevalent in countries that experienced British rule.
The recent surge in coups in Francophone states can be attributed not only to the legacy of Françafrique but also to heightened insecurity in the region. Armed groups, violent extremists, and criminal networks have undermined public confidence in civilian governments, according to the UN. Domestic factors and the agency of African political and military leaders have also played crucial roles in driving recent coups.
While reducing French influence may seem like a solution, it may not guarantee political stability. Reports of the Wagner group’s involvement in Mali and allegations of Russian influence highlight the complexities of external alliances. Reducing French influence may open the door for a new generation of military leaders seeking to legitimize coups based on the need to rid their countries of other malign influences.
In conclusion, while France’s colonial legacy and its subsequent engagement in Francophone Africa have undoubtedly had an impact on the current wave of coups, attributing all the blame to France oversimplifies the complex factors driving these events. Addressing the root causes of instability and promoting good governance will be key to achieving lasting peace and democracy in the region.