New research published in the journal Neurology suggests that long-term use of certain acid reflux drugs, known as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), may be linked to an increased risk of developing dementia. The study found that individuals who took PPIs for more than four-and-a-half years had a 33% higher risk of developing dementia compared to those who did not take the medications. However, it is important to note that the study does not prove a cause-and-effect relationship between PPI use and cognitive decline.
Dementia is a term used to describe a range of conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease, that cause changes in the brain affecting memory, thinking, and behavior. The study involved 5,712 participants aged 45 and older who were followed for a median of 5.5 years. None of the participants had dementia at the start of the study.
While the study suggests an association between PPI use and an increased risk of dementia, experts caution that it could simply be a coincidence. Older individuals are more likely to use PPIs, and it is possible that other factors associated with aging and health conditions may contribute to the development of dementia.
Dr. Thanu Jey, Medical Director & Founder at MediBrace, who was not involved in the study, emphasized that further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms behind this association. One possible explanation is that PPIs may affect nutrient absorption, including vitamin B12, which is essential for brain health. PPIs may also increase the formation of beta-amyloid protein, which is linked to Alzheimer’s disease.
Dr. Robert Alesiani, Chief Pharmacotherapy Officer at Tabula Rasa HealthCare, suggests that while PPIs are widely prescribed, especially among older adults, it does not necessarily mean that PPIs are responsible for the increased risk of dementia. Many older adults have comorbidities that require medications, some of which may increase the risk of cognitive decline.
For individuals concerned about the potential risk associated with long-term PPI use, there are alternatives available. Instead of PPIs, individuals can consider using H2 antagonists, which work in a different way to reduce acid production. Famotidine (Pepcid) is one example of an H2 antagonist. Additionally, lifestyle modifications such as avoiding trigger foods, eating smaller meals, and avoiding tight clothing around the waist can help manage excess stomach acid.
Ultimately, individuals should consult with their healthcare professionals to weigh the risks and benefits of PPIs in managing acid reflux symptoms based on their unique circumstances and medical history. Further research is needed to confirm the findings of this study and to better understand the potential relationship between PPI use and dementia risk.