Parasitic Brain Worm Found in Southeastern States
Scientists are warning that a parasitic brain worm, known as rat lungworm or Angiostrongylus cantonensis, has been found in multiple states around the Southeast, including Texas, Louisiana, Alabama, Florida, and Atlanta, Georgia. This parasite is typically found in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands but has recently been identified in the United States.
While the Angiostrongylus cantonensis parasite can infect humans, it cannot reproduce in the human body. However, it can cause severe symptoms in some individuals. Most people infected with the parasite recover fully without treatment, although there have been cases of a rare type of meningitis called eosinophilic meningitis.
The transmission of Angiostrongylus cantonensis occurs through infected rats and gastropods (snails and slugs). Infected rats pass the larvae of the parasite in their feces, which are then ingested by snails and slugs. The larvae mature inside these gastropods, but they do not become adult worms. Rats become infected by consuming these infected snails or slugs, allowing the larvae to further mature into adult worms.
People can become infected with this parasite by eating raw or undercooked snails or slugs that are infected, as well as by consuming raw produce, such as lettuce, that may contain a small snail or slug. It is also possible for certain animals, like freshwater shrimp, crabs, or frogs, to be infected with the larvae of the parasite. However, fish do not spread this parasite.
It is important to note that infected individuals cannot infect other people. Most known cases of infection have occurred in parts of Asia and the Pacific Islands, but there have been cases in the United States as well. In Texas, Louisiana, Alabama, and Florida, the parasite was likely introduced by infected rats and gastropods through trade routes.
Symptoms of infection with Angiostrongylus cantonensis can vary, with some individuals experiencing no symptoms or only mild symptoms for a short duration. However, in rare cases, the infection can lead to eosinophilic meningitis, which presents symptoms such as headache, stiff neck, tingling or painful feelings in the skin, low-grade fever, nausea, and vomiting.
If someone suspects they may be infected with this parasite, it is advised to seek medical attention. Treatment is usually not necessary, as the parasite dies over time without intervention. Preventive measures include avoiding the consumption of raw or undercooked snails, slugs, frogs, and shrimp. If handling snails or slugs, it is recommended to wear gloves and wash hands thoroughly. Additionally, it is crucial to wash fresh produce thoroughly, especially in areas where the parasite is common.
Awareness of the presence of rat lungworm in the Southeastern states is essential to ensure the prevention of infection and protect public health.