CNN – American Cancer Society Updates Lung Cancer Screening Guidelines to Increase Early Detection
The American Cancer Society (ACS) has recently revised its lung cancer screening guidelines with the aim of improving early detection rates. The updated guidelines recommend low-dose CT scans for most individuals aged 50 to 80 years old who have a 20-year or greater pack-year history, regardless of their current smoking status or how long ago they quit smoking. These changes have sparked renewed attention on lung cancer, its prevalence, different types, risk factors, the importance of early detection, available treatments, and methods to reduce the risk of developing the disease.
According to Dr. A.S. Leana Wen, a CNN wellness medical expert and professor at George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, lung cancer ranks as the third most common cancer in the United States. Skin cancer is the most prevalent form, while breast cancer is more common in women, and prostate cancer in men. However, lung cancer causes the highest number of deaths among any type of cancer in both men and women. In 2023, the ACS estimates that there will be approximately 238,000 new cases of lung cancer and around 127,000 deaths related to the disease.
Smoking is identified as the primary risk factor for lung cancer. However, there are two main types of lung cancers: small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). SCLC spreads more rapidly throughout the body compared to NSCLC. Most cases of SCLC occur in current or former smokers, while NSCLC constitutes 80% to 85% of lung cancer diagnoses, also largely attributed to smoking. Adenocarcinoma, a subtype of NSCLC, is primarily found in non-smokers and is more common in women.
Apart from smoking, there are other risk factors for lung cancer. Exposure to secondhand smoke is a significant risk factor, and individuals living with smokers have an elevated risk of lung cancer and other health issues. Environmental factors such as radon and asbestos exposure also increase the risk of developing lung cancer. Previous radiation therapy to the chest and having first-degree relatives with lung cancer can also contribute to a higher risk. Outdoor air pollution is believed to be responsible for 1% to 2% of all lung cancer deaths in the United States.
In terms of symptoms, lung cancer may initially present as nonspecific symptoms like persistent cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, and vague chest discomfort. As the cancer progresses, additional symptoms such as hoarseness, bloody mucus when coughing, loss of appetite, unexplained weight loss, bone pain, and yellowing of the skin may appear.
Early detection of lung cancer is crucial as it significantly increases survival rates. The ACS’s updated guidelines aim to save lives by detecting cancers at localized stages before they spread to other parts of the body. Low-dose CT scans are recommended for individuals with significant smoking risk factors. Those experiencing symptoms should seek medical attention for a proper examination.
Available treatments for lung cancer depend on the type, stage, and overall health of the patient. Options include radiation, chemotherapy, surgery, and immunotherapy. Surgery may be recommended for localized lung cancer, while advanced cases would require therapies to manage symptoms and prolong life.
To reduce the risk of lung cancer and other cancers, individuals should quit smoking if they are currently smokers. Studies have shown that smoking cessation can still lower the risk of lung cancer, even in long-term heavy smokers. Reducing exposure to secondhand smoke, being mindful of occupational hazards, checking for harmful levels of radon in homes, and incorporating healthy habits like diet and exercise can improve overall health, although the extent of their impact on reducing lung cancer risk is still under investigation.
The ACS’s revised lung cancer screening guidelines provide an important tool for earlier detection and potentially improving outcomes for individuals at risk. Understanding lung cancer’s prevalence, types, risk factors, symptoms, and treatment options is essential in raising awareness and promoting proactive measures to combat this deadly disease.