2024-06-23 22:46:51
The teachings of Zoroastrianism have influenced many world religions and cultures as a instructing of secular and common significance. In keeping with many researchers, Zoroastrianism arose within the 1st millennium BC. within the northeast of Iran and Central Asia as a brand new faith based mostly on the spiritual and legendary beliefs of historical Iranian tribes, Day.Az stories just about Azerhistory.
Legendary photos current within the worldview of the traditional Aryans have been mirrored in materials and cultural samples (toreutics, rhyton, griffin, seals): Faravashi, Asha, Daena, Mithra, Verethragna, Khvarna Rashnu, Vayu, Gesh Urvan, Sraosha, Ardvi-Sura Anahita and others contained within the Avesta.
From the perspective of figuring out spiritual worldviews on the territory of Azerbaijan within the early Center Ages, the examine of archaeological supplies discovered on the territory of Azerbaijan, specifically samples of torektika, rhyton, and griffin, is of specific significance.
Samples of Azerbaijani toreutics (the artwork of hand-relief processing of inventive steel merchandise) have been obtained in two methods. Some have been found accidentally, whereas others have been obtained on account of archaeological excavations.
A jug present in Baku throughout Soviet instances deserves particular consideration. A small silver jug, adorned with gilding, in its ornamental design belongs to the identical kind as Sassanian tableware. The jug was 19 cm excessive and 10 cm huge. 4 diamonds with stripes within the type of vegetation have been engraved on the jug. Contained in the diamonds have been depicted: a rooster, a pheasant, an eagle consuming grass, and the Simurgh chook. Within the higher house between the rhombuses there are six-pointed stars in a saucer-shaped circle, and within the decrease half there are photos of small animals. Photographs of flowers have been positioned on the intersections of the stripes.
The chook photos are based mostly on benevolent motifs in Sassanian artwork. The Simurgh chook, depicted within the heart of the jug, is in Iranian, Central Asian and Azerbaijani mythology a zoomorphic image of kindness and on the similar time an enormous magical chook that travels lengthy distances.
In keeping with the Avesta, the Simurgh chook lives on a tree rising in the course of the ocean, and in line with the Shahnameh, on the highest of Elbrus. Elbrus in Azerbaijani and Arabic folklore is taken into account “Mount Kaf”. In Azerbaijani fairy tales, the chook Simurgh, referred to as “Phoenix” (“The Story of Simnar”, “The Story of Melik Mamed”, and so on.), is understood to assist the hero overcome darkish forces.
Jug (III-V centuries), present in Baku
For instance, within the fairy story about Melik Mamed, the principle character defeats his treacherous brothers with the assistance of the Simurgh, that’s, with the assistance of the Simurgh, good defeats evil.
The wrestle between good and evil (Ahura-Mazda and Ahriman), the principle poles of the philosophy of the Avesta, is an summary idea. For instance, the Avesta says: “To start with, there have been two twins on the earth of thought – good and unhealthy considering, actions and habits. Of those two twins, good individuals selected kindness.”
The picture of a rooster is an emblem of Sraoshi, and it protects individuals from evil spirits. Within the Avesta, Sraosha is used within the sense of “obedience.” It’s referred to as “Sraosh” in Center Persian and “Surush” in fashionable Persian. “Katalar” additionally means “submission to faith.”
Within the Avesta, the angle in direction of each animals and birds is ambiguous. Thus, the creations of Ahriman convey evil to individuals, and the creations of Ormuzd are expressed in good deeds. Good and evil will not be anthropological ideas. Good and evil are fully ethical and psychological features that exist within the human thoughts. Their optimistic and damaging sides are mirrored in human form ideas, phrases and deeds.
In keeping with the Avesta, the abode of Ahura Mazda is the sacred mountain Berezant, which is understood each as we speak and in fashionable Persian as “Elbrus”, and within the historical Pahlavi language as “Elbur”. In keeping with legend, this mountain, which is taken into account the mom of all mountains on earth, merges with the sky. In keeping with the Avesta, there isn’t a evening, no darkness, no chilly, no heat wind, no lethal illness. There are a number of peaks on this mountain. Amongst them, the height referred to as “Tahir” is taken into account the middle of the world. The solar, moon and stars revolve round this peak. On the foot of this mountain is the sacred sea of Vurukasha, which some scientists believed to be the present Caspian Sea.
The rooster, whose title is Sraosha, is likely one of the creations of Ormuzd (the god of excellent) and one of many benevolent forces that herald the start of the morning, that’s, the victory of sunshine over the forces of Ahriman. The saying “For those who do not minimize off the pinnacle of a rooster that crows prematurely, somebody at dwelling will die” in all probability has one thing to do with the Avesta.
In keeping with Zoroastrian custom, Khushengi, the son of Kayumars, the primary man and ruler of the world, killed demons and he thought-about the crowing of a rooster to be the start of success and introduced it to his residence, and the rooster all the time crowed at daybreak and introduced the start of the day. All of the sudden Kayumars fell ailing (Ahriman brought about sickness and loss of life). One night, when Kayumars was ailing, the rooster crowed. The rooster’s premature crow stunned individuals. Individuals got here and noticed that Kayumars was useless.
The rooster was one of many favourite pets of the Zoroastrians. The rooster was created to battle the demons of Ahriman. In keeping with spiritual beliefs, the crow of a rooster at daybreak is a manifestation of his wrestle with Ahriman. Thus he awakens those that are sleeping. The rooster doesn’t enable the demon of Ahriman to make individuals lazy and sleepy.
In keeping with Zoroastrian beliefs, the angel who protects the world from the evil of demons at evening is assisted by a rooster and a canine. Within the Center Ages, there was a perception amongst people who evil couldn’t strategy a home wherein there was a rooster. Religion related to the rooster can be discovered within the works of the nice Azerbaijani poet Nizami: “When the black demon got here, the rooster crowed and referred to as for battle“.
Within the part “Videvdat” (18) of the Avesta, Sraosha is described because the “drummer who brings excellent news” of Ahura Mazda, the sacred chook (rooster). The Yasna (57:2) says: “Sraosha performs the duties of defending believers from evil ideas and evil forces, and at evening he offers with demons. To do that, he drives them away with a mace.“. Rashnu is the goddess of “Reality”, “Reality”, and Mithra within the Avesta is the god of “Treaty”, “Settlement”, the god Mehir in Center Persian; The Achaemenids worshiped Mithra because the god of victory. Most certainly, in line with a later Hellenistic legend, Sraosha and Rashnu, as Mithra’s companions, stood with him on the Chinvat Bridge and dominated over the souls of the useless.
In keeping with medieval Persian sources, Sraosha sends the souls of the useless to the afterlife. In keeping with the Avesta, this job is carried out by the prophet Zoroaster himself. The picture of a rooster can be present in Sasanian toreutics. These photos are additionally engraved on the gem and on the rocks.
The picture of a pheasant is widespread in Sasanian artwork. The ribbon is principally depicted on the neck or within the beak. They may also be discovered on gems, seals and materials. The scene of an eagle tearing aside a herbivore is extra widespread in Sasanian artwork. Nevertheless, this picture may also be present in earlier time intervals. An instance of that is the Parthian seals present in Nisa. Some students believed that the theme handed to the Parthians after which to the Sassanians.