2024-07-01 04:15:00
Lyme illness, tick-borne encephalitis, but additionally Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF). On October 24, 2023, the French Public Well being introduced that it had been detected for the primary time in France CCHF virus in ticks of the species hyaloma marginatumtaken from cattle.
Most frequently asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic (virtually no signs), the virus can typically trigger hemorrhagic fever, with a loss of life fee of as much as 40%.
Though no human instances have but been recorded in France, the danger of contamination could be very actual with the presence of the tick all through the Mediterranean area, Corsica (the place it has been established for 50 years), in addition to Ardèche and Drome. Since 2013, 13 instances of autonomic CCHF have been recorded in Spain.
Why the identify Crimea-Congo?
How is a tick contaminated?
The illness, which is seen on the listing of 9 precedence pathogens established by the World Well being Group, it’s endemic and spreads from Asia to Africa, by way of southern and jap Europe.
It’s in these areas that ticks are contaminated, by feeding on the blood of its host. They’re then carried by migratory birds that drop them over the territories they fly to.
They will set up themselves there. « Right now we expect that local weather change, which will increase summer time temperatures, reduces humidity, and will increase minimal temperatures in winter, facilitates such settlements. an infectious illness specialist explains.
How are folks contaminated?
Grownup ticks feed on giant mammals, whereas larvae and nymphs are discovered on small vertebrates. Contaminated ticks then infect the host.
People are the tick’s “unintended” host: they grow to be parasitized after they enter the ecosystems the place the tick’s regular host lives. Hyaloma. That is the place it could actually get corrupted. The height of contamination, which corresponds to the height exercise of ticks, is between April and July in France.
Contamination can also be doable by way of contact with livestock. It is usually transmitted individual to individual by way of contact with blood or physique fluids and typically by way of contaminated surfaces and supplies.
What are the signs?
Based on the researcher, “About 80% of contaminated folks will solely have a paucisymptomatic an infection, restricted to flu-like signs, and even asymptomatic (no signs). The remaining 20% of contaminated sufferers, nevertheless, present symptomatic types that could be extreme and require hospitalization.”
On this symptomatic type, we observe a part of about one week with flu-like signs, which aren’t very particular.
Then a hemorrhagic stage happens with varied signs similar to nosebleeds (epistaxis), small purple or purple spots on the pores and skin (petechiae), bruising, hemorrhagic lesions of the pores and skin and mucous membranes (purpura), bleeding gums (gingival bleeding), subconjunctival hemorrhages (the conjunctiva is the clear tissue that covers the eyeball and the inside floor of the eyelids), the presence of blood within the urine (hematuria) or within the vomit (hematemesis).
Restoration lasts 10 to twenty days with nice fatigue, hair loss, reminiscence and / or consideration issues, psychological issues, tachycardia, and many others.
The prognosis is made utilizing a PCR check and referred to the Nationwide Reference Centre. The samples are dealt with in laboratories devoted to excessive organic containment NSB4 (organic security stage 4) devoted to the research of extremely pathogenic infectious brokers.
What assist?
The affected person is remoted in a specialised place, “with groups skilled in this kind of pathology capable of present care aimed toward treating the signs (hydration, blood transfusion)”.
Based on Simon Bessis, there isn’t any clearly validated healing drug. There isn’t any vaccine validated by worldwide well being authorities both. Nevertheless, some tasks are being studied.
How you can shield your self from tick bites?
In spring and summer time, the tick current in dry areas of scrub and scrub, pastures, mountain climbing trails, fields, crops, orchards, vineyards, and many others.
You must put on garments that cowl your fingers and ft and closed sneakers, examine your physique and the physique of kids getting back from a stroll and take away the tick as shortly as doable, if obligatory, utilizing eliminated with a tick or effective tweezers. After elimination, disinfect and {photograph} the tick if doable.
The common incubation interval lasts from 2 to 14 days (5 days on common). If any of the signs seem inside two weeks after the chew, seek the advice of a physician.
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