2024-09-04 09:28:00
Him The Ministry of Health reported what The growing trend of syphilis cases in Argentina reached a historic high and it maintains an upward trend, thus becoming the sexually transmitted infection (STI) that reports the most increased number of cases. In that sense, with 32,293 cases in 2023, the agency registered the highest number of infections in the last three years, which is why it warns that “it continues to be a serious and public health problem of grow.”
The data is from last National Infectious Disease Bulletin (BEN) published by Health portfolio. Last year you saw it an increase of 42% compared to 2018where there are 22,734 cases. Meanwhile, the figures for 2024 seem to follow the same direction, because the supply balance up to week 33 shows a periodic notification of cases than in the same period of 2023.
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When compared to previous decades, the increase in incidence became even more pronounced. In this case, in 1994, less than 3,000 cases of syphilis were found, maintaining an increase until 2005. From that year, there was a respite for eight years, but the increase returned and has been capacity since 2013, with the exception of pandemic years, which reported fewer infections in comparison (10,590 in 2020 and 12,131 in 2021).
“Starting in 2022, and due to the change in the notification process based on the share records since then, the upward trend in cases and rates will resume, reaching The notification rate exceeds 69 cases per 100,000 inhabitants“The report from the Ministry of Health said.
Regarding the most affected age groups, The highest number of infections are in the ages of 20 to 24 yearsfollowed by 25 to 29 years and 30 to 35 years, with an incidence rate of 219, 185 and 126 cases per 100 thousand inhabitants respectively. About sex, it is appreciated female leader (55.4%)especially between the ages of 15 to 39, and from the age of 50 onwards the greatest number of infections according to the male sex.
The most affected areas of the country are the South and Cuyofollowed by NEA and NOA, while the Center is at the bottom, although five years ago it was the area with the highest infections. However, this last data did not occur because the cases decreased, but instead in the rest of Argentina the improvements increased. “In 2023, there will be less dispersion of the notification rates between the different regions than at the beginning of the analyzed period and the change in the places available by the different regions,” BEN explained.
In the period 2018-2023, in Argentina a total of 129,620 cases of syphilis were reported to the national surveillance system. Along these lines, while in 2018 the highest notification rate was recorded in the Central region (with 61.9 cases per 100 thousand inhabitants) and the lowest in NOA (20.9), in 2023 the notification rate the highest It was recorded by the South (89.5). ) and the lowest by the Center (63).
Regarding the increase in the number of infections, the report shows the a large number of cases and excellent research tools: “To evaluate the observed trend, it is important to consider the changes in the surveillance processes, the growing integration of forces into the surveillance process, and the processes to improve the access to the diagnosis as a measure public health that allows for effective treatment. cases and interruption chains of transmission, all of which can influence the increase in notifications, including the increase in the incidence of syphilis in the population.
“Syphilis continues to be a major public health problem. Improvement in the quality and coverage of information is a strategic tool to guide and improve actions for the prevention and control of syphilis by the various actors involved,” the bulletin concluded.
Infection and symptoms of syphilis
According to the Ministry of Health, syphilis is an STI caused by bacteria Treponema Pallidumof the first reservoir in humanity, and which is spread by sexual contact with infected people; by perinatal transfer transplacentally or during birth, or through blood transfusion.
“Syphilis bacteria are transmitted even through direct contact with wounds that occur in the genital area. As the first wounds do not cause pain or they can be in an area that is not visible (for example, inside the abdomen or in the mouth ). hole ). people may not know they have an STI. Skin lesions that appear in the second stage of infection are highly contagious,” the agency warned.
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The natural and untreated evolution of the infection is divided into several stages, that is most people have no symptoms or do not notice them. Inside firstcalled “primary syphilis“Wounds or sores (called “chancre”) are created, different and painless, in the mouth, anus, mouth or vagina. It is often accompanied by inflammation of the genitals in the area. The sore or bruise disappears after a few days, even when no treatment is given.
The disease may progress second level (“secondary syphilis“), after a “latency” period that is variable and when no symptoms appear. In that way, signs of secondary syphilis may occur up to several months later. These include rashes (or hives) on the body, mouth sores, fever, a general increase in the size of the lymph nodes, hair loss, general weakness and warts in the genital area. Inside third levelcan happen serious complications as well as damage to the internal organs, bones, heart and nervous system.
In addition to this, at any stage of infection, whether sick or asymptomatic, the patient may develop neurosyphiliswhich is an infection of the brain or spinal cord. According to the medical portal Medline Plusamong its symptoms are abnormalities in the way of walking or inability to walk; numbness in your toes, feet or legs; thinking problems, such as confusion or poor concentration; mental problems, such as depression or irritability; headache, seizures, or stiff neck; incontinence; tremors or weakness, and visual disturbances, including blindness.
Detection, treatment and prevention of syphilis
The way to diagnose syphilis is through a blood testwhich can be either by extraction or rapid test (RT), the latter providing a preliminary result between 15 and 30 minutes after it is done. In both cases, given a preliminary positive result, a second confirmatory test will be performed, approved by the Ministry of Health.
In addition, the agency points out that the infection “is curable with a simple and safe treatment that is available free of charge in all public health facilities.” Treatment is with antibioticswhose duration and dosage vary depending on the severity of the case, and must be done by both the person with the disease and their sexual partners.
Regular and regular condom use can reduce the risk of syphilis.From their Health portfolio they warn that, If left untreated, the infection can progress and cause heart and nervous system damage.among other results. In addition to this, you can infect other people.
In the case of pregnant women, can spread infection during pregnancy and/or childbirthresulting in congenital syphilis. Newborns with congenital syphilis can suffer blindness, severe damage to other organs, and even death.
As for those barrierMinistry said the using a penile condom or oral barrieras well as pay attention to signs or symptoms; while pregnant must get tested from the first pregnancy consultation to receive timely treatment and thus avoid transmitting the infection to the child.
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