Borna virus has been detected in several animals in Bavaria, including hedgehogs. In very rare cases, people can also become infected with the pathogen.
The Ebersberg district office in Upper Bavaria has issued a precautionary warning about the Borna virus. The background is therefore evidence of several animals in the region. “This summer, horses with suspected Bornavirus infection as well as three hedgehogs that were infected and died were reported to the veterinary office in the Ebersberg district,” the authority said in a statement.
In extremely rare cases, people can also become infected with the Borna virus (BoDV-1 – Borna Disease Virus 1), which results in brain inflammation, which is usually fatal. So far, the field shrew (Crocidura leucodon) is the only known carrier of the virus to humans. According to analyses, owners of cats have been affected in the past - they often bring mice they have killed home with them.
Infected tree shrews excrete the virus in urine, feces and saliva. Other mammals can become infected through this. In addition to touching infected tree shrews, contact with mouse droppings, contaminated dust or soil as well as contaminated food and water are also considered possible transmission routes for humans.
You should not handle or dispose of dead shrews with your bare hands. According to the district office, anyone who wants to pick up a mouse dragged by a cat should wear rubber gloves and, if possible, wear a tight-fitting mask and protective goggles if dust is generated. A dead animal can be disposed of in household waste in a well-sealed plastic bag. If the environment is dusty, you should shower immediately and wash your hair and used clothing.
You should also generally protect yourself when coming into contact with hedgehogs, as weakened animals can be infected with numerous pathogenic bacteria and parasites. This applies, for example, if you take malnourished hedgehogs with you in the fall and bring them to care stations.
Since the introduction of mandatory reporting in 2020, up to six Borna virus cases have been reported to the nationwide Robert Koch Institute in Berlin, the majority of them from Bavaria. In Germany, BoDV-1 occurs in Bavaria, Thuringia, Saxony-Anhalt, Saxony and adjacent parts of neighboring federal states.
Interview between Time.news Editor and Dr. Anja Müller, Virologist and Borna Virus Expert
Time.news Editor: Welcome, Dr. Müller! Thank you for joining us today. We are seeing reports of the Borna virus being detected in animals across Bavaria, including hedgehogs. Can you explain what the Borna virus is and its significance?
Dr. Müller: Thank you for having me! The Borna virus, specifically known as Borna Disease Virus 1 (BoDV-1), has been a subject of interest for both veterinary and human medicine. It primarily affects certain mammals, leading to neurological diseases. While it’s predominantly known for infecting animals such as horses and, as we’re seeing now, hedgehogs, it can indeed spill over to humans in extremely rare cases.
Time.news Editor: That’s quite concerning. What prompted the Ebersberg district office to issue a precautionary warning about the Borna virus?
Dr. Müller: The warning was likely issued after confirmed cases were reported in animals in the area. This summer alone, there were reports of horses and at least three infected hedgehogs. Given that the virus can sometimes be fatal in humans—leading to brain inflammation—it’s important for the public to be aware and take necessary precautions.
Time.news Editor: You mentioned that there are very rare instances of transmission to humans. Could you elaborate on how that occurs?
Dr. Müller: Certainly. The primary known carrier of the Borna virus that can pose a risk to humans is the field shrew. While most infections are animal-to-animal, it’s been recorded that cat owners might be at risk if their pets bring home mice, which could be infected. Infected animals excrete the virus through their urine, feces, and saliva, making it possible, although highly unlikely, for humans to become infected through close contact or handling of affected animals.
Time.news Editor: What symptoms should people be aware of if they suspect exposure to the virus?
Dr. Müller: Symptoms of Borna virus infection in humans can include neurological issues such as confusion, behavioral changes, and in severe cases, it can lead to dangerous conditions like encephalitis. However, due to its rarity in human cases, most people are at very low risk. The best practice is to minimize contact with wild rodents and any sick animals.
Time.news Editor: With the current situation in Bavaria, what advice would you give to pet owners and the general public?
Dr. Müller: My advice would be for pet owners to keep an eye on their cats and prevent them from hunting or bringing home small animals. If anyone notices unusual behavior in their pets or if they come into contact with sick wildlife, they should consult with a veterinarian or local health authorities. Additionally, basic hygiene like washing hands after handling animals is always prudent.
Time.news Editor: Thank you, Dr. Müller. Your insights are invaluable. Is there anything else you’d like to share with our readers?
Dr. Müller: Just a reminder that while the Borna virus is a serious topic, the likelihood of transmission to humans remains very low. Being informed and following simple preventive measures can greatly reduce any risk. It’s always best to stay educated on such issues and be cautious, but not overly alarmed.
Time.news Editor: Wise words indeed. Thank you again for your time and expertise today, Dr. Müller.
Dr. Müller: Thank you for having me. It’s been a pleasure discussing this important topic.