During this meeting organized at the initiative of the Royal Institute for Research on the History of Morocco as part of the 10th edition of the “Rendez-vous de la Philosophie”, the two protagonists endeavored to define the concept of universalism and to link it to global humanity, based on respect for cultural and linguistic pluralism, breaking with “Western hegemony”.
The French philosopher, Frédéric Worms, explained that “universalism is only understood by contrast, by identifying what is common and comparing it with what is fragmented and specific”, noting that universalism carries a meaning of fragmentation and of division on the one hand, and recognition of the specificities of individual experiences on the other.
He added, in this context, that a global and realistic vision of unified global universalism requires recognition of social, cultural, linguistic and religious divisions, calling for overcoming dissensions through dialogue with a view to building a world harmonious and united.
The Senegalese philosopher Souleymane Bachir Diagne, for his part, criticized Western philosophy which considered European culture as the center and the norm by marginalizing other cultures and denying the role of Islamic philosophy in the transmission of ancient Greek thought, thanks to figures like Al Farabi, Ibn Sina and Ibn Rochd.
During this meeting under the theme “Contested universalism”, he insisted on the need to believe in a “horizontal universalism” based on equality, evoking, in this regard, the Bandung conference (1955), a landmark event that recognized the equality between all cultures and languages of the world.
Mr. Diagne also addressed global environmental and health challenges, specifying that “our good health also depends on that of others”, a lesson learned from the Covid-19 pandemic.
The “Rendez-vous de la Philosophie”, organized by the French Institute of Morocco in partnership with Moroccan and French institutions, celebrate a decade of intellectual exchanges between Europe and Africa.
On the occasion of this 10th edition, hosted by the Moroccan writer Driss Ksiks and the French philosopher Camille Riquier, four philosophical evenings were held in different cities in Morocco, between November 11 and 16. These meetings explored the theme of universalism by questioning its objectives, its contexts of application, and the current state of humanity.
What are the key challenges in redefining universalism to be more inclusive of diverse cultures and perspectives?
Time.news Interview: Exploring the Concept of Universalism in Contemporary Society
Interviewer (Time.news Editor): Thank you for joining us today, Frédéric Worms. You’ve recently participated in a fascinating event at the Royal Institute for Research on the History of Morocco, where the topic of universalism was extensively discussed. To start, could you share with our readers what prompted the need to reassess universalism in today’s global context?
Frédéric Worms: Thank you for having me. The need to reassess universalism arises from the increasing recognition of cultural and linguistic pluralism in our global society. Universalism has long been associated with a Western-centric viewpoint, often overshadowing the diverse experiences and perspectives that exist. At the “Rendez-vous de la Philosophie,” we sought to redefine universalism as a concept that is inclusive and respectful of these varied identities.
Interviewer: That’s a critical point. You mentioned that universalism can often seem to emphasize fragmentation alongside a recognition of individual experiences. How do these two aspects coexist within your definition?
Frédéric Worms: Exactly. Universalism, as I see it, is not merely about finding common ground; it’s also about recognizing divisions and specificities. It’s like a tapestry where each thread represents a different culture or experience, contributing to the whole while retaining its uniqueness. By identifying what is common, we can also confront the fragmented nature of our identities, which leads us to a richer understanding of global humanity.
Interviewer: That’s a profound metaphor. You also highlighted the importance of breaking away from Western hegemony in discussions of universalism. Can you elaborate on this aspect?
Frédéric Worms: Certainly. Western hegemony has often dictated the terms of engagement when it comes to concepts like universalism, overshadowing other cultural narratives. By decentering this perspective, we create an opportunity for voices from different cultures and contexts to contribute to the dialogue. True universalism should not only arise from Western ideals but should encompass insights and experiences from around the world, fostering an inclusive global conversation.
Interviewer: It sounds like a shift towards a more inclusive approach to universalism is essential for our global community. What challenges do you foresee in achieving this recognition of pluralism?
Frédéric Worms: One of the primary challenges is overcoming deeply ingrained narratives and biases that have shaped our understanding of universalism. Many fear that acknowledging pluralism might lead to fragmentation or chaos. However, it’s crucial to embrace the idea that diversity can be a source of strength. We need to cultivate a mindset that celebrates differences as essential components of our collective humanity.
Interviewer: How can we move forward in promoting this inclusive universalism in everyday life and policy-making?
Frédéric Worms: Education and dialogue are key. We must encourage critical thinking that challenges existing structures and promotes cultural awareness. Policies that celebrate diversity and foster intercultural exchanges can facilitate this transition. Ultimately, the more we engage with and learn from one another, the closer we will come to realizing a truly universal perspective that honors our shared humanity.
Interviewer: Thank you, Frédéric, for sharing your insights with us today. It’s clear that the conversation around universalism is both complex and necessary as we navigate our increasingly interconnected world.
Frédéric Worms: Thank you for the opportunity. I hope this conversation encourages more people to think critically about these concepts and to engage with the rich diversity that surrounds us.