An inherited genetic disorder, sickle cell anemia alters hemoglobin in red blood cells. Cause of very painful crises, greater vulnerability to infections and various and sometimes serious complications (stroke, anemia, splenomegaly, etc.), sickle cell anemia is notably present on the African continent. therefore,of the 120 million people affected by the disease,66% live in Africa.
Sickle cell anemia is one of the most common genetic diseases in the world. © Shutterstock_ Ezume Images
What is newborn screening? Why should a child with sickle cell disease be treated as soon as possible? What is premarital screening?
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What are the long-term health complications associated with sickle cell disease?
Time.news Interview with Dr. Amina Kante, Sickle Cell disease Expert
Time.news Editor: Thank you for joining us today, Dr. Kante. To start off, can you explain what sickle cell anemia is and its importance, especially within the African continent?
Dr. Amina Kante: Thank you for having me. Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder that affects hemoglobin in red blood cells. This condition causes the cells to become rigid and shaped like a crescent or sickle, leading to various complications such as painful crises, increased vulnerability to infections, and severe conditions like stroke and splenomegaly. Notably, around 120 million people globally are affected, with around 66% residing in Africa, where the prevalence stems from genetic adaptation to malaria.
Time.news Editor: That’s enlightening. What are the immediate implications for infants diagnosed with this condition, and why is newborn screening a crucial step?
Dr. Amina Kante: Newborn screening is essential as it allows for the early detection of sickle cell anemia. When detected early, healthcare providers can initiate treatment promptly, which substantially reduces the risk of severe complications. Early interventions can also improve the quality of life for children and help them lead healthier lives. This screening is a pivotal public health strategy, particularly in regions where the disease is prevalent.
Time.news Editor: Speaking of treatment, what are some of the critical management strategies for individuals with sickle cell disease?
Dr. Amina Kante: Management strategies frequently enough include regular health check-ups, vaccinations, and prophylactic antibiotics to prevent infections. Pain management protocols are also essential, as sickle cell crises can be excruciating. In certain specific cases, disease-modifying therapies, such as hydroxyurea, are prescribed to reduce pain episodes and the frequency of crises. Moreover, blood transfusions and stem cell transplants are treatments for more severe manifestations of the disease.
Time.news Editor: That’s quite extensive. Along with newborn screening, what role does premarital screening play in addressing sickle cell anemia?
Dr. Amina Kante: Premarital screening identifies individuals who are carriers of sickle cell trait, which is critical in communities where the disease is common. If both partners are carriers, genetic counseling can provide couples with important facts about the risks of having children with sickle cell disease. This proactive approach can help inform reproductive choices and ultimately reduce the incidence of the disease in future generations.
Time.news Editor: Thank you for that insight, Dr. Kante. As we look toward the future, what are some key advancements or ongoing research initiatives in sickle cell disease that offer hope?
Dr. Amina Kante: There are several exciting research initiatives underway. Gene therapy, for instance, holds great promise as a potential cure for sickle cell anemia. Researchers are exploring ways to correct the genetic mutation responsible for the disease. Additionally, increased efforts to improve access to comprehensive care and education for patients and families are crucial in managing the disease effectively.
Time.news Editor: Those developments sound promising. what practical advice would you offer to families affected by sickle cell anemia?
Dr. Amina Kante: Education is key. Families should stay informed about the condition and its management options.Regular health check-ups, creating a supportive environment for affected individuals, maintaining good hydration, and recognizing the signs of a crisis early can all make a significant difference. it’s also essential for families to connect with support groups and resources dedicated to sickle cell anemia, as they can provide invaluable guidance and community.
Time.news Editor: Thank you, dr. Kante,for sharing your expertise on sickle cell anemia and its implications for families,especially in Africa. We appreciate your time.
Dr. Amina Kante: Thank you for having me. Raising awareness about sickle cell anemia is critical, and discussions like this are a vital part of that process.