As winter storms continue to impact much of the country, many will find themselves facing the familiar chore of clearing snow. But for a significant portion of the population, that seemingly routine task carries a hidden risk. A large, two-decade Canadian study found that the incidence of sudden heart attack spikes 16% in men during and after snowfall, leading to a 34% increase in deaths. While the study didn’t find the same correlation in women, experts warn that anyone with underlying heart conditions should take precautions when faced with the physical strain of snow removal. Understanding the risks associated with shoveling snow, and taking appropriate steps to mitigate them, could be a matter of life and death.
The danger isn’t simply the cold, though that plays a role. It’s the combination of strenuous activity, cold temperatures, and often, pre-existing heart conditions that creates a perfect storm for cardiac events. Barry Franklin, Ph.D., a spokesperson for the American Heart Association and director of Preventive Cardiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation at Beaumont Health in Royal Oak, Michigan, explains that the physical exertion of shoveling is surprisingly intense. “That’s 16 pounds per shovel, 12 lifts a minute for 10 minutes,” he said, describing a study on men, “That adds up to almost 2000 pounds, the weight of a subcompact SUV.” His team’s research also revealed that a shoveler’s heart rate can increase to 97% of their maximum heart rate – a level comparable to a maximum exertion treadmill test.
The mechanics of shoveling itself contribute to the strain. It’s a “static exertion,” meaning you’re fixed in one place and primarily using your upper body to lift heavy, wet snow. This type of activity causes rapid increases in heart rate and blood pressure. Lifting with your arms, rather than your legs, places a greater demand on the heart. The natural tendency to hold your breath while straining exacerbates the problem, further elevating heart rate and blood pressure. Standing still while shoveling prevents blood from circulating efficiently back to the heart, as blood pools in the lower extremities.
Compounding these physical stressors is the effect of cold weather. When exposed to cold air, blood vessels constrict, making it harder for blood to circulate and raising blood pressure. This constriction reduces the amount of blood reaching the heart, increasing the risk of a cardiac event. The American Heart Association has been actively raising awareness of these unique risks, urging caution during winter weather.
Why Age Matters in Snow Shoveling Risk
While anyone can experience heart strain from shoveling, age is a significant factor. “People don’t run into trouble if they’re 20 or 30 because they haven’t developed coronary artery disease,” Franklin explains. However, individuals aged 45 to 50 and older, particularly those with undiagnosed or existing heart disease, are at significantly higher risk. “If you’re over 50 and grew up eating McDonald’s and Ben & Jerry’s, you probably have some heart disease — that’s just a fact,” he stated, highlighting the prevalence of hidden heart conditions. Diabetes and high blood pressure also increase risk, even in the absence of noticeable symptoms. Franklin cautions that, tragically, “Sometimes the first and last symptom of heart disease is cardiac arrest.”
It’s important to note that fitness level doesn’t eliminate risk entirely. While regular exercise, normal cholesterol levels, and a smoke-free lifestyle can lower the chances of a cardiac event, they don’t provide complete protection. As for women, Dr. Franklin acknowledges that more research is needed to fully understand their risk profile, as existing studies have primarily focused on men. However, he emphasizes that women are equally susceptible to coronary disease and heart attacks following snow removal have been reported.
Safer Snow Removal Strategies
Fortunately, We find steps individuals can take to minimize the risks associated with snow shoveling. For those in their seventies and eighties, or with known heart conditions, the most prudent course of action is to hire someone to clear the snow. Even those who have previously shoveled without issue should consider this option, especially if they have risk factors like smoking or a history of heart problems.
For those who do shovel, several techniques can reduce strain. Pushing the snow rather than lifting it significantly lessens the load on the heart. It’s also crucial to dress warmly in layers, including a hat, gloves, and scarf, to minimize the effects of cold temperatures. Avoid heavy meals, smoking, and alcohol before and after shoveling. Taking frequent breaks is essential, allowing your heart rate and blood pressure to return to normal. An electric snow blower can be a safer alternative, as it involves more movement and less static exertion, though it still carries some risk for those with underlying health issues.
Perhaps most importantly, pay attention to your body. “If you have pain or discomfort anywhere from the belly button up, stop,” Franklin advises. Any signs of a heart attack – chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness – warrant immediate medical attention. Call 911 or go to the nearest emergency department without delay.
The Age Shoveling Snow Turns Risky for Your Heart Anja Stefanovic – Getty Images
As winter continues, being mindful of these risks and taking appropriate precautions can help ensure a safe and healthy season. The potential consequences of ignoring these warnings are severe, but preventable. The American Heart Association offers further resources and information on heart health and winter safety on their website.
Disclaimer: This article provides general health information and should not be considered medical advice. Consult with a healthcare professional for personalized guidance on managing your heart health.
What steps will you take to protect your heart this winter? Share your thoughts and experiences in the comments below, and please share this article with anyone who might benefit from this information.
