Researchers have identified a recent species of pitviper in western Sichuan, China, after DNA testing revealed it was genetically distinct from similar-looking snakes.
The Huaxi Green Pitviper is the 58th known species in the Trimeresurus genus
The snake, named Trimeresurus lii or the Huaxi Green Pitviper, was found in the misty mountains of the West China Rain Zone by scientists from the Chengdu Institute of Biology and the Giant Panda National Park. It had been mistaken for the bamboo pitviper (T. Stejnegeri) for years due to its nearly identical grass-green coloration. Genetic analysis confirmed it forms a separate evolutionary branch, with physical differences including smooth head scales and distinct stripe patterns between males and females.
Males and females indicate clear visual differences in stripe and eye color
Male Huaxi Green Pitvipers display a bold red and white stripe along their sides and have amber eyes, while females have a simpler yellow stripe and orange-yellow eyes. Both sexes share a bright green body that helps them blend into the humid forests of Mt. Emei and Xiling Snow Mountain. The species can grow to nearly 80 centimeters in length and is venomous, like other members of its genus, posing a potential risk in areas where its habitat overlaps with human activity.
The discovery highlights gaps in knowledge within a known biodiversity hotspot
Despite being part of the West China Rain Zone — a region recognized as a global biodiversity hotspot — the Huaxi Green Pitviper remained undetected for years, underscoring how much remains unknown even in well-studied areas. Researchers say the find reinforces the need for continued field surveys to uncover hidden species. The species was named in honor of Li Er, better known as Laozi, to reflect the cultural heritage of the region and the conservation mission of the Giant Panda National Park.
How did scientists confirm the snake was a new species?
Researchers used DNA analysis to show the population forms a separate evolutionary branch, supported by physical differences like smooth head scales and distinct stripe patterns that distinguish it from the bamboo pitviper.
Where is the Huaxi Green Pitviper found?
It inhabits the humid forests of Mt. Emei and Xiling Snow Mountain in western Sichuan, China, within the West China Rain Zone, a region known for high biodiversity.
