As part of these investigative activities, all members of the child’s family reported having had symptoms and samples were also collected from them, the CDC informs. However, all the family members’ results were negative for H5 avian influenza, while some tested positive for the same common respiratory viruses subsequently detected in the child. Contact tracing continues, but there is currently no evidence of person-to-person spread of H5N1 avian influenza from this child to others. “To date, no person-to-person spread has been identified associated with any of the H5N1 avian influenza cases reported in the United States,” the CDC states.
This case was detected through influenza testing and reported to the California Department of Influenza through the National Influenza Surveillance System. It is the second US case identified in this way. The CDC continues to monitor the data, particularly in US states affected by animal outbreaks, including California, where widespread outbreaks of H5N1 avian influenza have been detected in wild birds and domestic poultry since 2022 and in dairy herds since August 2024 in that State. Limited and sporadic human infections with the H5N1 avian influenza virus, in which animal exposure has not been identified, are very rare but have occurred, mainly in countries other than the United States, experts further point out. “These cases highlight the importance of ongoing surveillance and investigations at the local, state and federal levels,” they add.
Including this most recent case, In 2024, 55 human cases of H5 avian influenza were reported in the United States, including 29 in CaliforniaThe CDC’s risk assessment for the general public remains “low. However, people exposed to infected or potentially infected animals, such as birds, dairy cattle, or other animals (including livestock), or to environments contaminated by infected birds or other animals, are at higher risk of infection.”
The CDC, the note finally reads, “recommends avoiding unprotected exposure to sick or dead animals, including wild birds, poultry, other domestic birds and other wild or domestic animals (including cows)”.
What are the symptoms of H5N1 avian influenza in humans?
Interview Between Time.news Editor and Avian Influenza Expert
Time.news Editor (TNE): Good afternoon, and welcome to this special segment. Today, we’re diving into recent developments regarding H5N1 avian influenza and its impact on public health. Joining us is Dr. Emily Carter, a leading expert in infectious diseases and a researcher at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Thank you for being here, Dr. Carter.
Dr. Emily Carter (EC): Thank you for having me. It’s a pleasure to be here.
TNE: Let’s start with the recent case you were involved with. Can you explain what happened and the current status of that case?
EC: Certainly. Recently, we investigated a case involving a child who displayed symptoms consistent with an influenza virus. We undertook a thorough contact tracing and testing process that involved collecting samples from all family members. While those results were enlightening, it’s important to note that all family members tested negative for H5 avian influenza.
TNE: That’s a relief! However, it seems that some family members did test positive for common respiratory viruses. How concerning is that in the context of our understanding of H5N1?
EC: It’s important to put that into perspective. The presence of common respiratory viruses is not unusual and often occurs during seasonal outbreaks. What’s crucial here is that despite the symptoms, there was no evidence of H5N1 transmission within the family. As of now, the CDC has confirmed that no person-to-person spread of H5N1 has been identified in the U.S.
TNE: That’s encouraging to hear. Given that H5N1 has a reputation for being more lethal in birds, can you explain why we see such cautious concern regarding human cases?
EC: Absolutely. H5N1 has a high mortality rate in birds and can lead to severe illness in humans, though human cases remain rare. This virus can occasionally jump from birds to humans, and when that happens, it’s a cause for concern due to its potential for mutation and spread. So, our vigilance in monitoring these cases is vital.
TNE: Contact tracing sounds like a significant part of the investigation. Can you walk us through how that process works in these types of situations?
EC: Sure. Contact tracing involves identifying and assessing individuals who may have come into contact with an infected person. In this instance, we trace back from the child, question who they interacted with, and monitor for symptoms or infection. This process helps limit potential outbreaks by isolating cases quickly.
TNE: What’s your message for the public regarding H5N1 and the precautions that should be taken?
EC: While it’s important to stay informed, I want to reassure the public that human cases remain rare. People should continue practicing good hygiene, such as hand washing and avoiding close contact with birds. Should symptoms arise, seeing a healthcare provider is the best course of action. We are monitoring the situation closely and will provide updates as more information becomes available.
TNE: Thank you, Dr. Carter. Your insights shed light on a critical public health matter. We appreciate your time and expertise.
EC: Thank you for having me. Let’s continue the conversation on public health awareness and prevention strategies.
TNE: Absolutely. This is an ongoing process, and we’ll keep our audience informed of any new developments. Thank you for joining us today.
