2023-12-06 15:00:00
According to Eurostat, European Union countries spent 352 billion euros on research and development (R&D) in 2022, 6% more than the previous year and 48% more than in 2012. for its part, the intensity of R & D, that is to say the ratio between R & D expenditure and gross domestic product, stood at 2.22% in 2022, down slightly from compared to 2.27% in 2021, but up from the level of 2.08% observed ten years earlier.
Within the EU, Belgium is the country with the highest level of R&D (3.44% of GDP), followed by Sweden (3.40%), Austria (3.20%) %) and Germany (3.13%). At the other end of the scale, the share of R&D spending in GDP is only 0.46% in Romania, 0.65% in Malta, 0.75% in Latvia, 0.77 % in Cyprus and Bulgaria. With an R&D to GDP ratio of 2.1% in 2022, France ranks ninth among EU countries and slightly below the European average. With 233 billion euros, or 66% of their total amount, the private business sector represents the largest share of R&D spending in the European Union. It is followed by that of higher education (22 %, 76 billion euros), the public sector (11%, 37 billion euros) and the private non-profit sector (1%, 5 billion euros).
Finally, on a global scale this time and according to OECD data for the year 2021, Israel is the country in the world with the highest R&D intensity (5.56%), followed by South Korea (4.93%), Taiwan (3.78%) and the United States (3.46%). In this ranking, France occupies 17th place. In terms of the amount of spending devoted to R&D, the United States comes well ahead ($710 billion), ahead of China (620 billion), Japan (172 billion), Germany (129 billion). , Korea (110 billion), the United Kingdom (84 billion) and France (64 billion).
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