2023-07-22 03:43:08
From hip-hop musicalities to Egyptian sarcophagi, the cultural battle rages on. The “Kemet” exhibition at the National Museum of Antiquities in Leiden, exploring the influence of ancient Egypt and Nubia in the work of musicians of African descent for more than 70 years, has provoked the ire of Egypt.
We can thus see a photo of Beyoncé as Queen Nefertiti and a video of Rihanna dancing in front of the pyramids, exhibited near ancient busts. In the middle of a room also sits a golden mask that seems to belong to a pharaoh, then turns out to be a modern sculpture reproducing the cover of an album by rapper Nas. The Egyptian Antiquities Service said the museum was “distorting history” with its “Afro-centric” approach and denounced the appropriation of Egyptian culture, according to Dutch media.
“Nothing shocking”
Some comments on social networks were “racist or offensive in nature” after the explosion of the controversy, even lamented the museum of Leiden. So what was meant to be an uplifting celebration of “Egypt in hip-hop, jazz, soul and funk” became the focus of a cultural battle.
One visitor said the Egyptian reaction to the “informative” exhibit made “no sense”. “They may be trying to score political points… Nothing for me was shocking,” said Daniel Voshart, 37, Canadian artist. “It’s not as if the Dutch government had paid Beyoncé to become (…) Egyptian,” he added to AFP.
Contacted, the museum declined to comment, but devoted a section on its website to the “agitation” around the exhibition. The institution promised to erase offensive comments on its social networks, and stressed that the exhibition aims to “show and understand the representation of ancient Egypt and musical messages by black artists” and “show what scientific and Egyptological research can tell us about ancient Egypt and Nubia”. The curator of the exhibition, Daniel Soliman, is himself half-Egyptian and a big fan of music, sources at the museum said.
New controversy
The exhibit, which opened in late April and will run through September, appears to have been embroiled in another controversy. Egyptian pundits and officials rose up in April after Netflix aired a production in which a black actress played the famous Queen Cleopatra, insisting she had “white skin”.
The Egyptian authorities a few months later banned the archaeologists from the Dutch museum of the Saqqara necropolis, south of Cairo, according to the Amsterdam newspaper NRC. The museum staff had been active for almost five decades on the vast site known in particular for its pyramids. Contacted several times, the authorities responsible for antiquities did not react.
Belonging to “egyptity”?
But the controversy shows the difficulties when a country like the Netherlands – which has made efforts in recent years to come to terms with its colonial past – tries to embrace new perspectives, only to then run into a new set of problems. “Egyptians have a very strong sense not only of Arab identity but also of Egyptian Arab identity” while their relationship with Africa is more “complicated”, says Ali Hamdan.
But for this specialist in political geography from the University of Amsterdam (UvA), “it is not only a question of whether the museum understands Egyptian identity well or badly”. “These are two different projects to make sense of ancient Egypt. One is a cultural project of this museum, and the other is a political project of the Egyptian state, which has a strong interest in deciding who belongs to ‘Egyptianness’,” he adds.
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