2024-08-04 15:44:39
The institute has just published its annual growth report. This book is presented as a road map for leaders of middle-income countries. But according to Guinea-Bissau economist Carlos Lopes, this approach is very liberal.
Published on: 08/04/2024 – 5:44 pm.
3 min
Them Life Bank has just published its World Development Report 2024. This year, he faced ” middle income trap “. Meaning in 2007 through the present economist The head of the World Bank Indermit Gill, this analysis shows the growth of the country around 10% of the annual GDP of the United States per capita, or around $8,000. The real glass ceiling for economies according to the World Bank, only 34 countries managed to break through the 1990s.
The report is intended to be a clear road map for leaders of 108 countries considered middle-income countries, with GDP per capita between $1,136 and $13,846. This list includes countries like Senegal, Morocco, Cameroon, but also Brazil, South Africa or even China.
Three-step solution
« Too many of these countries rely on outdated skills to become advanced economies », Indermit Gill statistics. In a press release, the latter proposed “ 3 of them. Mirza »: international investments, integration of foreign technologies and innovation on the national territory. If followed properly, these steps will make it possible to reach an economic state of development, according to the World Bank.
Currently, countries rely on investing only for the long term or opt for a short-term renewal, capital analysis. Faced with growing demographic, ecological and geopolitical pressures, we have no room for error. »
A simple worldview
But the proposed method is not uniform. ” It is a recycling of old ideas that have no original contribution at all. », Carlos Lopes, development economist. For a professor at Sciences Po and the University of Cape Town in South Africa, the World Bank offers a simple vision of development.
« The report suggests that it is only a question of procedures. But that’s not it “, he blurted. According to the former secretary general of the United Nations Economic Development Organization for Africa, the problem is worldwide and it is coming instead of refusing to change the world governance system. ” It is a vision where responsibility for problems is assigned to the countries themselves and not to the international system. “, he explained. As an economist, in this world system, to have rich countries, you must have poor countries. “ This is the price of an unequal world which will not be resolved by this 3i recipe », said Carlos Lopes.
Example of “good students”
However, some countries have successfully transitioned from low or middle income to high income. The three profiles are qualified as ” model to follow for 3i strategy »: Chile, Poland and South Korea. According to Carlos Lopes, we need to look more closely at their specific case before setting their success as an example. “ Indeed Chile has made all these reforms, but it is currently a major social crisis », the economist remembers. According to him, this is proof that the Chileans have a problem making this change that does not have “ improve the living conditions of all people in an equal way. »
As for Poland, Carlos Lopes believes that this success is mainly associated with the injection of public funds linked to its European integration. ” It was not market rules that allowed Poland to get to where it is. So this contradicts the World Bank policy », he noted.
According to the professor, by setting examples ” Countries that are considered champions of neo-liberalism », the institution seeks above all to make a statement. “ The World Bank wants to ask the question: “Who are the best students in the class?”, instead of changing what is taught in school », he finished.
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