The driver is exposed, while driving the car, to many situations that require either reducing the car’s speed or stopping it completely, and he does this by stepping on the brakes (brake), but how can a simple force resulting from the foot stepping on the brake pedal to stop the large car block that may You are going very fast, the answer to this question lies in the brake system, which depends on the amplification of forces by fluid pressure (hydraulic), and to learn more about the brake system, we will discuss during this article to explain the brakes of the car.
Car brake types
Small passenger cars generally operate with two brake systems, the first is frictional hydraulic, and the other is electromagnetic. The hydraulic system is commonly used in fuel-powered cars, while the electric system is used in electric or hybrid cars, and the following is a detail of each system:
1- Frictional hydraulics
This system relies on doubling the force from the brake pedal when stepping on it and sending it to the four wheels evenly to create friction and reduce the vehicle’s speed. This system works by the following two mechanisms:
Discs (tiles): They are the most efficient and are always located in the front wheels because the weight of the car is concentrated in the front when using the brakes, and this mechanism may be used for all four wheels in sports cars.
Cylinders (Drums): They are less efficient than discs, and are often found in the rear wheels, and may be used on all four wheels of small and lightweight cars.
2- Electromagnetic
This system relies on an electric generator that produces an electromagnetic field at each disc (slab) to create the friction needed to slow down or stop the vehicle.
How does hydraulic car brake work?
When the driver needs to slow down or stop the car, he steps on the brake pedal, which in turn transfers the force through a master cylinder piston to an oily fluid (brake oil), the oil moves through tubes and doubles its force inside the brake system, then distributes it to all the wheels of the car evenly, at the wheels The oil reaches cylinder pistons with a larger diameter than the main piston.
Each piston converts the hydraulic force into kinetic force again, by pushing the brake pads on the disc (tile) or drum (drum), according to the type of brake, and the disc or cylinder is fixed on the spindles that move the wheels, when the pads contact the disc or cylinder friction occurs It leads to the car slowing down or stopping, and it is worth noting that the brake system depends on converting the kinetic energy of the car into thermal energy through friction.
Hydraulic Car Brake System Main Parts
A hydraulic brake system has several parts that work together. These parts are listed below:
The pedal: the part that the driver steps on.
The main cylinder piston: The part that converts the movement of the pedal to a hydraulic force within the system.
Auxiliary (servo): It is the part that doubles the force inside the system by external air pressure, and this part may be located between the suit and the main piston, or any area after the main piston.
Pipes and hoses: These are the parts that deliver oil through the system.
Sub-cylinder pistons: The parts that convert hydraulic pressure force into kinetic force to press discs (slabs) and cylinders (drums).
Disks and cylinders: the parts that are installed on the movement axles and wheels, and which stop them due to friction.
Pillows: These are the parts that receive pressure from the sub-pistons, and touch the discs and cylinders to form the friction needed to slow down or stop.
Jaw (Break Brain): It is the part on which the cushions are fixed when using the disc mechanism.
Anti-lock brake: It is the part that redistributes the pressure on the wheels according to the speed of each of them, in order to prevent them from slipping. This part is an addition and is not found in all cars.