Childhood Cancer Survivors Face Significant Health Challenges, Warns Study
A new study has shed light on the long-term health challenges faced by childhood cancer survivors. According to researchers, a staggering 95 percent of individuals who had childhood cancer will develop a “significant health problem” related to their cancer or treatment by the age of 45.
The study, published in JAMA, reviewed 73 studies, including 39 cohort studies that tracked patients over time. The researchers found that approximately 15,000 children and adolescents up to the age of 19 are diagnosed with cancer every year, and that 85 percent of children now live five years or more beyond their diagnosis. This is a significant improvement compared to the 1970s when only 58 percent of children survived beyond the five-year mark, according to the American Cancer Society.
The research highlighted a range of concerns for young cancer survivors, including hormone issues, reproductive health challenges, problems with muscles and bones, and cognitive impairment. Among those who developed later health problems, approximately one-third will experience “severe or potentially life-threatening chronic health problems.” The most common issues reported were endocrine disorders, subsequent abnormal growths, and cardiovascular disease.
The study also revealed that many new cancers appeared in areas that had been exposed to radiation during treatment. Radiation fields on the chest, brain, neck, and abdomen or pelvis were identified as areas of “particular concern.” It was also found that higher radiation doses were associated with a higher risk of developing secondary cancers, such as breast cancer, central nervous system tumors, and basal cell carcinoma.
The type of childhood cancer also played a role in determining the risk of long-term health problems. Those diagnosed with a brain tumor, treated with cranial irradiation, or who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were found to be at the highest risk.
Mental health was another significant concern among childhood cancer survivors. The study reported depression rates ranging from 2.3 to 40.8 percent, compared to the nationwide average of 9.6 percent. The risk of suicide was also higher among survivors, with the highest risk observed in individuals aged 28 and older. Childhood cancer survivors had a 1.4-fold higher risk of death by suicide compared to the general population.
In light of these findings, the researchers emphasized the importance of lifelong care for childhood cancer survivors. They recommended that survivors receive regular health check-ups and early detection of potential complications from their cancer treatment. They also highlighted the need for healthcare providers to inform patients about the potential long-term effects of treatment and to provide appropriate support and preventive care.
Childhood cancer survivors and their families are encouraged to stay informed about their health and seek the necessary care and support to address their unique challenges and risks.