Debunking Cold Myths: What Really Works, According to a Leading Doctor
A Düsseldorf general practitioner is challenging widely held beliefs about treating the common cold, revealing that many popular remedies offer little to no benefit and, in some cases, may even be detrimental. Dr. Stefan Wilm urges a shift towards evidence-based approaches, emphasizing rest, hydration, and protecting vulnerable populations.
The Persistence of Cold Myths
During cold season, countless pieces of advice circulate, from warm grog to mega-doses of vitamin C. But how much of this stands up to scientific scrutiny? Dr. Wilm is dispelling persistent myths and explaining what truly supports recovery. A free guide, “Protection from the flu wave,” offers further information on prevention and vaccination and can be downloaded here.
Does Alcohol Really Help a Cough?
The tradition of enjoying a warm grog or herbal liqueur may offer a feeling of comfort, but studies are clear: alcohol does not alleviate cold symptoms. “Regular alcohol consumption weakens our immune system, and we tend to catch colds more often. However, it has no influence on how long we have a cold,” Dr. Wilm states. Furthermore, alcohol disrupts sleep, hindering the body’s natural healing process. He recommends opting for warm, non-alcoholic beverages like herbal teas or hot milk with honey to provide warmth and hydration without compromising immunity.
The Vitamin C, Zinc, and Ginger Illusion
Popular home remedies like vitamin C, zinc, and ginger shots also fall short of expectations. “They have no influence at all on whether we catch a cold and, if so, how long we have a cold,” explains the doctor. Even the beloved chicken soup is revealed to be no more effective than a warm vegetable soup, offering a more ecologically sound alternative. A balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables, coupled with sufficient sleep and regular exercise, remains a cornerstone of overall health and immune function.
Cold Feet and Wet Hair: Separating Fact from Fiction
While freezing temperatures can temporarily weaken the immune system – as demonstrated by a Norwegian study showing a slightly higher incidence of colds among those with cold, wet feet – the link between cold exposure and catching a cold is largely a linguistic myth. “A cold is nothing more than a viral infection, and we catch the viruses,” Dr. Wilm clarifies. The increased prevalence of colds in winter is primarily due to increased viral load, as people spend more time indoors and in close proximity to one another.
Effective preventative measures include regular handwashing, maintaining distance from sick individuals, and wearing a mask in crowded public spaces. More detailed guidance can be found in the downloadable PDF, “Protection from the flu wave” here.
Exercising with a Runny Nose: A Risky Proposition?
There is a potential connection between intense exercise and the frequency of myocarditis, an inflammation of the heart muscle. Exercising while sick can elevate this risk, albeit at a low level. Dr. Wilm advises listening to your body: “If your body signals that exercise is okay and you feel like it, then do it. Because then you’re not really sick.” However, if you are genuinely unwell, the body will naturally discourage physical exertion.
Caution is particularly advised for competitive athletes, individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions, and those over 40, who should generally avoid strenuous training when experiencing cold symptoms. Anyone with underlying health conditions or taking regular medication should consult a healthcare professional. Gentle walks in fresh air, promoting circulation without overexertion, are a preferable alternative for mild symptoms.
Why Cold Medicine Often Falls Short
Nasal irrigation with saline solution shows some promise, with studies indicating weak preventative benefits for those who practice it regularly. During a cold, it can provide temporary relief but does not shorten the duration of the illness.
Dr. Wilm cautions against prolonged use of nasal sprays containing xylomethazoline, warning that they can lead to dependency. Simple saline sprays, which moisturize the mucous membranes without addictive properties, are a gentler and equally effective option.
The most significant disappointment, however, lies with conventional cold medications. “There is no single medication that affects how long you have a cold,” Dr. Wilm emphasizes. “If you have a cold: seven days without a doctor and one week with a doctor.” Pain relievers like ibuprofen or paracetamol can alleviate symptoms but do not accelerate recovery. The doctor’s recommendation is simple: drink plenty of fluids, prioritize sleep, and allow the body to rest.
The Importance of Protecting Others and Recognizing Prolonged Symptoms
Dr. Wilm stresses the risk of spreading illness, particularly to vulnerable populations. “First of all, it is dangerous for others,” he warns, advising against visiting nursing homes or using public transport without a mask while experiencing cold symptoms. While a prolonged cold is not typically life-threatening, it can lead to complications like persistent hoarseness, potentially lasting weeks or even months if the vocal cords are not given adequate rest.
The golden rule, he advises, is to wear a mask if you must go to work with mild symptoms and to stay home and rest when seriously ill, allowing the immune system to function optimally.
Dr. Stefan Wilm is a general practitioner, internist, and geriatrician with 26 years of experience as a family doctor in Cologne. He currently serves as the director of the Institute for General Medicine at the Center for Health and Society at the University Hospital Düsseldorf.
