Public health officials are closely monitoring a newly identified COVID-19 variant, dubbed “Cicada” by some experts, as cases continue to circulate in the United States. While currently representing a small percentage of infections, the variant, officially known as BA.3.2, has raised concerns due to its significant number of mutations and potential to evade existing immunity. Understanding the characteristics of this variant and staying informed about preventative measures remains crucial as we navigate the evolving landscape of COVID-19.
The nickname “Cicada” reflects the variant’s emergence from a previously dormant lineage – BA.3 – much like the periodical cicadas that spend years underground before resurfacing. National Geographic explains the unique life cycle of these insects, highlighting their long periods of inactivity followed by a massive, synchronized emergence. This analogy helps illustrate how BA.3.2 is a re-emergence of a less common viral branch.
Tracking the Spread of BA.3.2
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) first flagged BA.3.2 in a report released on March 19, noting an increase in its prevalence. Originally detected in South Africa in November 2024, the variant had, as of mid-February, been identified in at least 23 countries and 25 U.S. States, including Michigan. Joe Coyle, director of the Bureau of Infectious Disease Prevention at the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, confirmed that BA.3.2 currently accounts for less than 1% of COVID-19 cases in Michigan. However, he noted a significantly higher proportion – up to 30% – in some European countries.
This geographic disparity underscores the importance of ongoing surveillance. The World Health Organization (WHO) has designated BA.3.2 as a “variant under monitoring,” acknowledging its potential for increased transmission or immune evasion. However, the WHO’s assessment, detailed in a recent report, indicates that currently available COVID-19 vaccines are still expected to provide protection against severe illness. “Available evidence suggests that BA.3.2 poses low additional public health risk compared with other circulating Omicron descendent lineages,” the organization stated.
Why the Mutations Matter
The primary concern surrounding BA.3.2 lies in its substantial number of mutations. “It has a large number of mutations in the genetic elements that generally your body produces antibodies against, either from natural infection or from the vaccines that people may have received,” explained Coyle. These mutations, particularly in the spike protein – the part of the virus that vaccines target – could potentially reduce the effectiveness of prior immunity.
The CDC report highlights that BA.3.2 is significantly different from the JN.1 and LP.8.1 variants that informed the formulation of the 2025-2026 COVID-19 vaccines. This divergence raises the possibility that the variant could better evade the immune system, potentially leading to increased transmission or, in some cases, more severe illness. However, Coyle cautioned that this hasn’t been definitively demonstrated in areas with higher concentrations of the “Cicada” variant, such as parts of Europe.
Michigan’s Current COVID-19 Landscape
Despite the emergence of BA.3.2, Coyle emphasized that overall COVID-19 infection rates in Michigan are currently decreasing. However, he also pointed to a concerning trend: declining vaccination rates. “We haven’t had a real new strain of COVID in a few years, really,” Coyle said. “So I think it’s a constant reminder that when these things mutate and if they do evade the immune system, it can create opportunities for higher levels of transmission or severity.”
This underscores the continued importance of preventative measures, even as the pandemic evolves. Public health officials recommend staying up-to-date with vaccinations, practicing solid hand hygiene, and considering masking in crowded indoor settings, particularly for individuals at higher risk of severe illness. The CDC provides comprehensive guidance on COVID-19 prevention on its website.
Understanding Vaccine Effectiveness Against Variants
While the mutations in BA.3.2 raise questions about vaccine effectiveness, experts emphasize that vaccines continue to offer significant protection against severe illness, hospitalization, and death. The updated COVID-19 vaccines are designed to target multiple variants and provide a broader immune response. However, the level of protection may be reduced against variants with substantial mutations, highlighting the need for continued monitoring and potential vaccine updates.
The CDC’s ongoing surveillance efforts, combined with data from around the world, will be crucial in assessing the long-term impact of BA.3.2 and informing future public health recommendations. Staying informed about the latest developments and following the guidance of public health officials remains the best course of action.
Disclaimer: This article provides information for general knowledge and informational purposes only, and does not constitute medical advice. It’s essential to consult with a qualified healthcare professional for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your health or treatment.
The Michigan Department of Health and Human Services will continue to monitor the spread of BA.3.2 and provide updates as new information becomes available. The next scheduled update from the department is planned for mid-May. We encourage readers to share this information with their communities and to engage in respectful dialogue about public health measures.
