Milwaukee – As conversations around body image and mental health become more prevalent, so too is the diagnosis of eating disorders. Although increased awareness is a positive step, experts say it’s coinciding with a concerning rise in cases, driven by a complex interplay of factors including the lasting effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, the pervasive influence of social media, and a renewed emphasis on thinness. Understanding eating disorder awareness and the factors contributing to their increase is crucial for early intervention and effective support.
The National Eating Disorders Association estimates that nearly 30 million Americans will experience an eating disorder in their lifetime. But recognizing these disorders is evolving. “We are getting much better at diagnosing and recognizing certain eating disorders,” says Maddie Boyle, a registered dietitian nutritionist with Froedtert and the Medical College of Wisconsin Health Network. “Especially binge-eating disorder and Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID), which have historically been overlooked.”
Boyle explains that the pandemic created a perfect storm for the development and exacerbation of disordered eating. Isolation, disruption of routines, and increased anxiety all contributed to negative patterns. Simultaneously, social media continues to fuel body comparison and unrealistic beauty standards. “The COVID-19 pandemic, isolation, social media exposure and body comparison are major drivers,” Boyle said.
The Return of Diet Culture and the GLP-1 Effect
Beyond the pandemic, a broader cultural shift is also at play. Diet culture, with its emphasis on weight loss and restrictive eating, remains a significant contributor to eating disorders. What we have is compounded by the growing popularity of GLP-1 medications like Ozempic and Wegovy, initially designed for diabetes management but increasingly used for weight loss.
“With GLP-1 popularity, narratives online, and recent red carpet looks as proof, we’re definitely living in a society that has taken a strong shift back to thinness over all else,” Boyle shared. The focus on rapid weight loss, often promoted through social media, can reinforce harmful beliefs about body image and trigger restrictive eating behaviors. Restrictive dieting itself can lead to nutrient deficiencies, muscle loss, and the development of an eating disorder.
Recognizing the Warning Signs
Identifying an eating disorder can be challenging, as symptoms often manifest subtly. Early recognition is key to successful treatment. Boyle highlights several warning signs to watch for, not just in yourself but in loved ones:
- Preoccupation with food, calories, or body weight
- Skipping meals
- Frequent dieting
- Taking up mental space/interfering with daily life
- Canceling plans
- Excessive amount of time at the gym
- Health complications
These behaviors can indicate a deeper struggle with body image and control. It’s important to remember that eating disorders are not simply about food; they are complex mental health conditions with potentially life-threatening consequences.
Beyond Anorexia and Bulimia: Expanding the Spectrum of Eating Disorders
While anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are the most well-known eating disorders, the diagnostic landscape is broadening. ARFID, or Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder, is gaining increased recognition. This condition involves limiting the amount or type of food eaten, but unlike anorexia, it’s not driven by body image concerns. Instead, it may stem from sensory sensitivities, fear of aversive consequences (like choking), or lack of interest in eating. The National Eating Disorders Association provides more information on ARFID.
Binge-eating disorder, characterized by recurrent episodes of eating large quantities of food with a sense of loss of control, is another increasingly diagnosed condition. It’s often associated with feelings of shame, guilt, and distress, and can lead to significant health problems.
The Role of Weight Stigma
Weight stigma, or negative attitudes and beliefs about people based on their weight, also plays a significant role in the development and perpetuation of eating disorders. Boyle emphasizes that focusing solely on weight can be detrimental. “Diet culture and weight stigma also play a role,” she said. Creating a more inclusive and accepting environment, where body diversity is celebrated, is crucial for promoting positive body image and preventing disordered eating.
If you or someone you know is struggling with an eating disorder, resources are available. The National Eating Disorders Association offers a helpline, online resources, and support groups. Early intervention and professional help are essential for recovery.
If you are struggling with an eating disorder, please contact the National Eating Disorders Association Helpline at 1-800-931-2237.
Looking ahead, continued research and increased awareness are vital to addressing the growing prevalence of eating disorders. Froedtert & MCW recently featured Boyle in a discussion about the role of diet and nutrition in healthcare, highlighting the importance of a holistic approach to well-being. Further conversations and initiatives are planned to promote healthy relationships with food and body image within the community.
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