Researchers at the University of Michigan have discovered that prolonged exposure to certain environmental factors may increase the risk of developing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a progressive neurological disease. ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, leading to muscle weakness and eventually paralysis.
Eva Feldman, a professor of neurology at the University of Michigan, explains that the extent to which ALS can be attributed to genetic factors ranges from 8% to 60%. However, there is now emerging evidence suggesting that repeated and prolonged exposure to potential triggers in the external environment could also contribute to the risk of developing the disease, particularly the sporadic form.
Feldman and her colleagues have coined the term “ALS exposome” to describe the sum of toxic environmental exposures that may increase ALS risk. Their research has identified prolonged exposure to organic chemical pollutants, metals, pesticides, particulate matter from construction work, and poor air quality as potential contributors to ALS development.
Neil Thakur, chief mission officer of the ALS Association, emphasizes that ALS is not solely caused by one factor. Rather, it is a combination of genetic and environmental influences. Thakur points out that exposure to particulates from diesel fuel, aviation fuel, burn pits, pesticides, and aerosols may increase the risk of developing ALS. Military personnel, who are highly exposed to these substances, seem to have an elevated chance of contracting the disease.
Lead in drinking water, smoking, and contact sports have also been linked to ALS. However, there is still much uncertainty surrounding these factors. While studies suggest that being a teetotal non-smoker does not necessarily protect against ALS, these habits do reduce the risk of developing other conditions.
One of the challenges faced by scientists and clinicians studying ALS is the rarity of the disease. Finding enough willing participants for research studies can be difficult, especially considering the rapid progression of ALS. Additionally, the genetic and lifestyle differences among patients may influence the results and make it challenging to establish clear associations between specific environmental factors and ALS development.
Thakur encourages individuals with a family history of ALS and those with known ALS genes to consider participating in clinical trials. Not only would their involvement potentially benefit their own understanding and treatment of the disease, but it could also contribute to the advancement of ALS research.
While the causes of ALS remain complex and multifaceted, the growing body of evidence suggests that environmental factors play a significant role in increasing the risk of developing this devastating condition. Continued research and awareness are crucial for understanding and addressing the causes of ALS.