Failing eyesight could be an indicator of dementia, according to a recent study published in JAMA Ophthalmology. The research, led by clinician Dr. Joshua Ehrlich, analyzed data from nearly 3,000 participants over the age of 71 who were screened for dementia using the AD8 Dementia Screening Interview.
The study, which utilized data from the 2021 US National Health and Aging Trends Study, found a link between untreated visual impairments and the likelihood of developing dementia. Researchers tested the participants’ eyesight and discovered that those with sight loss were more likely to have dementia compared to those with no vision problems.
Furthermore, the study found that individuals suffering from multiple vision problems were at a higher risk of developing dementia compared to those with only one visual impairment. The researchers tracked the participants’ eyesight by conducting vision tests for both near and distance vision, as well as contrast sensitivity.
According to the study, 12.3% of the participants showed signs of dementia. However, the percentage increased to 19.5% for those with distance visual impairment and 21.5% for those with near visual impairment. The study also revealed that for individuals with severe visual impairment or blindness, a significant 32.9% showed signs of dementia.
Commenting on the study, Sheila West, a professor in the Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology at Johns Hopkins Hospital, emphasized the potential impact of visual loss on cognitive decline. She noted that visual impairment is associated with social isolation, difficulty reading, and a decrease in personal and social stimulation, which are all risk factors for cognitive decline.
While the study could not definitively determine if vision impairment directly causes dementia, it strongly suggests a correlation. The researchers stressed the importance of seeking medical help for any vision problems, as addressing and improving vision could potentially decrease the risk of dementia or slow its progression.
The findings highlight the significance of regular eye examinations, especially for older adults, as they can help identify and address visual impairments that may be indicators of underlying cognitive decline. By detecting and treating vision problems early on, individuals may be able to take steps towards preventing or managing dementia.