2023-09-10 11:57:21
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) Affects Cats Worldwide and in Germany
A concerning viral disease known as Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV), or cat AIDS, is spreading among cats worldwide, including in Germany. Approximately eleven percent of all cats globally and three percent in Germany are affected by this disease. FIV is a retrovirus closely related to the human AIDS virus.
As FIV progresses, it weakens the immune system of infected cats. However, the disease usually takes many years to reach its final stage or may not even lead to death at all. Unfortunately, there is no cure for FIV and no available vaccination. Veterinarians can only treat the side effects caused by the virus. The primary mode of infection is through bite injuries, according to Dr. Annekathrin Eckart, a specialist veterinarian for small animals. In rare cases, the virus can also be transmitted from an infected mother to her kittens, particularly if she is bitten and infected during pregnancy.
Symptoms of FIV are not easily identifiable, but recurring fever attacks of unknown origin, swollen lymph nodes, and regular infections, such as colds or gum inflammations, are some common signs. The rapid test is the quickest way to diagnose FIV, wherein blood is tested for FIV antibodies. However, if a recent FIV infection has occurred, there may not be enough antibodies for the test to be positive. In such cases, experts recommend repeating the test after 60 days or sending the blood sample to a third-party laboratory for further testing.
FIV can be divided into three stages. The acute phase occurs within one to three months after infection, where the virus multiplies in white blood cells and causes symptoms such as fever and swollen lymph nodes. The asymptomatic or latent phase follows, lasting for months or even years, during which the virus reproduces slowly in the immune system. Some cats remain in this phase without becoming seriously ill, maintaining a normal life expectancy. Lastly, the progressive phase occurs, where the virus severely weakens the cat’s immune system, making it prone to chronic diseases, respiratory problems, tumors, neurological abnormalities, and weight loss.
Treatment for FIV focuses on stabilizing the cat’s immune system, including providing high-quality food, ensuring adequate water intake, and addressing any deficiencies through regular blood checks. Keeping infected cats indoors is recommended to prevent transmission to other cats. Stress should be avoided as it weakens the immune system. Prevention of FIV infection is challenging, but neutering outdoor cats to suppress territorial and mating behavior is suggested. Separating FIV-positive mothers from their kittens immediately after birth is also advised.
Regarding treatment costs and insurance coverage, it can be complex. Health insurance may cover costs if the disease is not explicitly stated as FIV but rather as related symptoms like colds or gum inflammations.
The Augsburger Allgemeine is interested in hearing readers’ opinions on this matter and is collaborating with the opinion research institute Civey. To participate, readers can register and provide their consent to display Civey’s survey related to FIV.
Note: This article is provided for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. It is important to consult a veterinarian for accurate diagnosis and guidance regarding FIV in cats.]
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