Staying well hydrated decreases chronic conditions, such as heart and lung disease, and allows you to live longer, according to a study from the National Institutes of Health.
Using health data collected from 11,255 adults over a 30-year period, the researchers looked at the links between serum sodium levels, which rise when fluid intake decreases, and various indicators of health. They found that adults with serum sodium levels at the high end of a normal range were more likely to develop chronic disease and show signs of advanced biological aging than those with serum sodium levels in the midranges. Adults with higher levels were also more likely to die at a younger age.
The study affirms the link between higher ranges of normal serum sodium levels and increased risks of heart failure, signs of faster biological aging. This was based on indicators such as metabolic and cardiovascular health, lung function, and inflammation. For example, adults with serum sodium levels above 142 mEq/L had an associated 10-15% increased odds of being biologically older than their chronological age compared to ranges between 137 and 142 mEq/L, while that levels above 144 mEq/L correlated with a 50% increase. Likewise, levels of 144.5-146 mEq/L were associated with a 21% increased risk of premature death compared to ranges between 137-142 mEq/L. Similarly, adults with serum sodium levels greater than 142 mEq/L had up to a 64% increased associated risk of developing chronic diseases such as heart failure, stroke, atrial fibrillation, and peripheral arterial disease, as well as chronic lung disease , diabetes and dementia. In contrast, adults with serum sodium levels between 138 and 140 mEq/L had the lowest risk of developing chronic disease.
The findings do not prove a cause-and-effect effect, the researchers noted. Randomized controlled trials are needed to determine whether optimal hydration can promote healthy aging, prevent disease, and lead to longer life. However, associations can still inform clinical practice and guide personal health behaviour.
The study was published in the journal eBioMedicine.