The 27 member countries of the European Union gave their agreement on Monday July 19 to the opening of negotiations to integrate Albania and North Macedonia, the day after the signing of a protocol between Skopje and Sofia removing the last obstacles .
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The Twenty-Seven come “just to agree to the opening of accession negotiations with Albania and North Macedonia! »tweeted Czech Prime Minister Petr Fiala, whose country holds the rotating EU presidency. “We have taken another important step towards bringing the Western Balkans closer to the EU”he added, after a meeting on this subject in Brussels.
Bulgarian blocking
Albanian Prime Minister Edi Rama and his counterpart from North Macedonia Dimitar Kovacevski are expected in Brussels on Tuesday to formally open these negotiations which will take years. The start of negotiations is made possible by the signing on Sunday by Bulgaria and North Macedonia of a bilateral protocol, initiated by France, which held the rotating presidency of the EU in the first half of the year.
The protocol will allow, among other things, Macedonian to become one of the official languages of the EU. Bulgaria was blocking the opening of negotiations until recently due to a dispute between the two countries over a long list of historical and linguistic issues.
North Macedonia had acceded to the status of candidate for entry into the EU almost twenty years ago, and it has already had to overcome major differences between it and Greece to join NATO in March 2020. The Bulgarian position also prevented the candidacy of Albania, a candidate since 2014.
Language barrier
Under French pressure, the Bulgarian parliament agreed last month to lift its veto in exchange for guarantees that North Macedonia would meet certain demands on disputed points. The language issue remains very sensitive in North Macedonia, Bulgaria considering the Macedonian language as a Bulgarian dialect, while the two countries dispute over historical events and figures, mainly inherited from the Ottoman past.
North Macedonia has pledged to amend its constitution to include Bulgarians in recognized ethnic groups and to implement a 2017 friendship treaty aimed at eradicating hate speech. The nationalist right of the VMRO-DPMNE is furious and has in recent days denounced the compromise and treated Dimitar Kovacevski of “traitor”.
Brussels insists on the enlargement of the EU in the Balkans, the strategic importance of the region having increased in the context of the war in Ukraine.