The outbreak of smallpox (Monkeypox) has caught the attention of public health experts around the world. Due to the outbreak now in 15 countries around the world Most of them are in Europe. In total there were about 100 patients.
Prof. Dr. Teerawat Hemajuta, Head of Emerging Disease Health Sciences Center Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn Hospital has posted a message via facebook about the smallpox vaccination How long will it last? by stating that
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In the era of monkeypox, it was believed that people who had been vaccinated with smallpox (However, Thailand stopped injections in the year 2523) will still be able to prevent about 85% of monkey pox, however, the immune system must still be good.
A study published in the New England Journal since 2007 of 45 workers at the Oregon Lemur Center, where blood samples are taken continuously for an average of about 15 years, about 60% still do. still have immunity
The half-life is estimated to be approximately 90 years and is a mechanism of memory B cell independent long lived plasma cells (not dependent-short lived). However, it must be noted that not everyone who has been vaccinated against smallpox will be able to prevent smallpox.
And modern vaccines are still used for very high-risk people, although they may have side effects. <An ancient smallpox vaccine can cause encephalitis, although it is mild, the mortality rate is as high as 50%.
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Previously, Dr. Anan Chongkaewwatana, a virologist Director of Animal Health and Management Innovation Research Group National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (Biotech), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) has provided knowledge about the smallpox vaccine, stated that
Because Monkeypox has a long incubation period (21 days), it gives the infected person enough time for the immune system to build up before the virus begins to multiply in the body.
This is why the Monkeypox vaccine can be given to people at risk of exposure. The CDC recommends that the vaccine can be given up to four days after exposure, because antibodies from the vaccine come in time before the virus begins to multiply in large numbers. But if the vaccine is given after 4-14 days of exposure, the immune system may not be fully developed. which is likely to get sick But believe that the symptoms of the disease will be less … The best is the risk of vaccination right away.
This information is very important because, with enough vaccines, Monkeypox is much easier to control than COVID-19 because of the COVID-19 vaccine. can’t do this
https://www.cdc.gov/…/clinicians/smallpox-vaccine.html
Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is a large virus, many times larger than COVID-19’s SARS-CoV-2, while SARS-CoV-2 uses the spike protein as a standalone protein to bind to the receptor protein. to the cell The development of a vaccine that uses spike protein as an antibody to inhibit the process is straightforward. Therefore, COVID-19 vaccines, whether mRNA, viral vector or subunit vaccine, are aimed at using spike as the primary vaccine antigen, and the antibody against spike is sufficient to protect against coronavirus.
But for MPXV, we didn’t have a single protein, like the spike of SARS-CoV-2, to develop a vaccine. Because viruses are large, they use many proteins to enter cells and multiply in cells, and there are still many proteins that do not yet know what their function is. It is impractical to develop an MPXV vaccine with the same technology as the coronavirus vaccine, and antibodies from a single protein are believed to be insufficient for immunity. It needs an immune system similar to that of a natural infection, especially T cells that are specific to the many proteins the virus produces after infection.
The vaccine for MPXV is the same vaccine used to protect against smallpox, or human smallpox, which is the oldest technology. Similar to Edward Jenner, father of vaccine technology, where cowpox virus is used to inoculate young children to prevent smallpox, the MPXV vaccine uses a virus called Vaccinia, which is believed to be closely related to the cowpox Jenner uses, but is isolated from horses. With the properties of Vaccinia that does not cause severe disease in people with normal immunity Therefore, it has evolved into a live virus to create immunity against infection with smallpox. But the problem is still common among immunocompromised people, where the virus can cause serious infections.
Therefore, attempts were made to adjust the vaccinia to be attenuated. It is commonly done in other animal cells such as chicken cells (CEF) for more than 500 times. As a result, the virus self-adapts more than 30,000 bases of DNA fragments from the viral genome, causing the virus to infect. able to enter human cells make various proteins that is beneficial to stimulate the immune system but unable to form a particle that can continue to multiply Developed by researchers in Germany, vaccinia is believed to be safer in humans. The strain is called Modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) virus, in honor of the Turkish vaccine institute of Ankara, who isolated the virus and sent it to the German team for further development. It has become a vaccine for smallpox in use and may be the mainstay for MPXV as well.
The vaccine is currently owned by Bavarian Nordic Company.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/…/pii/S0065352716300380
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