2023-07-15 15:30:00
“Our dear father and teacher, dear Joseph Vissarionovich! We, free citizens of the city of Brest… send you, the leader and teacher, our ardent greetings and sincere gratitude for liberating us from fascist slavery…’ for August 16, 1944.
The rally of joy and happiness, as the correspondent called it in the report, took place three days earlier at the city stadium. The chief manager was the chairman of the city executive committee, Fyodor Pastukhov, and the secretary of the regional party committee, Mikhail Tupitsyn, delivered a speech.
The regional newspaper that carried these appeals resumed publication in the first days of August. The editorial office was located at its pre-war address: st. Komsomolskaya, 40, through the wall from the printing house named after Voroshilov, which returned the pre-war name. The printing house occupied the building along Pushkinskaya (a little more than up to its middle). There was a roar outside. Sooty windows, hot production – passers-by understood: work is not sugar here.
From the left end was the entrance to either a pancake shop or a juice-water cafe.
The first editor, Vasily Kaliberov, recalled: “Before the retreat, the Germans blew up flatbed printing machines, linotypes, scattered the type. By some miracle, only one small printing press survived. She rescued us. We put things in order and immediately began typing the newspaper by hand. Natasha Logvina, who headed the printing house, Grigory Zhuravlev, a compositor, and several local printers stood up for typesetting cash desks. They did not leave the printing house until late at night, they tried to type and print the newspaper as quickly as possible. The editorial office was located on the second floor of the same house.
We drew up the plan for the issue of the newspaper while still in the forest. Wrote the main materials there. Now we have clarified some details, received the necessary information on the radio, the order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief. The galley prints were proofread and corrected immediately. By 10 pm, prints of the second page arrived from the printing house, and an hour later, the first page as well. The volume of the newspaper is 1/4 of the then format of Pravda. The first page opened with a full house: “Brest is ours again! Glory to the Red Army-liberator!
The typesetter at the printing house Alexandra Chuchkova came to work immediately after her release.
“Until the printing house was restored, the machines were not received, the newspaper was printed in a partisan way: the printer girls took turns turning the printing press manually. They typed by hand for a long time, before the advent of typesetting machines-linotypes – there were cash registers with letters, words and sentences were added “by bug”. Then, after the publication of the newspaper, the set was again dismantled and the letters of the font were laid out at the box office. There were four compositors per shift. They also typed it up by hand, carried it to the car, made an impression and gave proofs to the editor for proofreading.
The duties of the director at first were performed by Natalya Logvina, a typesetter who knew the process from the partisan issues of the newspaper. From there, from the “forest” printing house, many partisans came to “Zarya”: Alexander Pripotnev, Sirotin … Natalya did not lead for long, then came to the post of director Yerinburg.
German prisoners of war from the camp were attracted to restore the printing house, brought to repair and construction work: the first floor was in ruins, it had to be put in order before the installation of printing presses. Then, when Soviet printing presses arrived, we found German mechanics, they helped our specialists set up and adjust.
The printing house occupied a wing along Pushkinskaya, from the beginning to the corner. Before the advent of linotypes, typesetters and typesetters worked on the second floor. There was also an accounting department and other services. And the first floor was prepared for the installation of printing machines, and then the bottom was completely printed. At first, the printing house was engaged only in the production of Zarya, then they expanded, one printing press in a separate room was for Zarya, and other machines began to print other orders, forms …
I lived in a brick wing in the courtyard of the printing house, they gave me a room there. They often bothered me, if something happened, they called me to work.”
When Elena Shilova got a job at the editorial office in 1947, the journalists were mostly front-line soldiers and partisans. This is confirmed by the editorial typist Claudia Eremeeva, who has worked at Zarya since 1946. The editor at that time was Khristich, from the partisans. About a year later, he left for Dnepropetrovsk, and a front-line sailor Tertychny was sent in his place from Ukraine. “With his efforts,” Yeremeeva recalled, “Zarya, which came out after the war in Russian and Belarusian, was transferred from a bilingual edition to one, Russian. He went to the management, insisted that this dubbing was useless. Tertychny stayed for a year, after which he was taken to Moscow, and they sent another front-line soldier, Chernyavsky …
From the words of Claudia Eremeeva: “It was said that under Poland the editorial-printing house building was a privileged hotel and belonged to Pan Kozlovsky. The son of these Kozlovskys worked as a stoker in the editorial office, he was given a room in the building in which he lived – in the wing on the street. Komsomolskaya. First with her mother, then she died. Everyone knew that he was the owner of the house, had shops in Brest. There was a large garage in the yard, which had been locked up for a long time. And then the authorities got there, opened the garage – and there were goods, and the same thing in the attics. Kozlovsky was taken…”
Proofreader Lidiya Tinyakova added that there was an outbuilding in the yard, in which several employees of the newspaper lived. The editorial “Victory” was also parked in the yard, the driver was Tinyakova’s husband Nikolai, he drove the editor.
The correction room was on Pushkinskaya, where two metal beams of the old balcony stick out, on the second floor. Under this balcony, a little daughter “wailed”, asked her mother to drop a penny on ice cream. On the first and second floors there are two metal disks (pulleys), along which a rubber drive belt is stretched. Below, probably, were the linotypers. In order not to constantly run up and down to the proofreading room and back, the proofs for proofreading and back were lowered, twisted into a tube, fastened to this rubber belt and rotated the disk.
The newspaper was published at night. Proofreaders worked hours from seven in the evening until seven or eight in the morning. Lydia Fedorovna locked her little daughter in the apartment alone under lock and key, left food in thermoses and strictly ordered not to open it to anyone. But she still opened…
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