ITALIAN WORD OF THE DAY
Here’s a word you’ll be seeing a lot of in Italy at this time of year – but where does it come from?
Published: 12 October 2022 17:44 CEST
If you’ve spent any length of time in Italy, you’re probably familiar with the concept of the festival: village fairs held all over the country throughout the autumn (and a few in the spring and summer) showcasing food and drink typical of the local area.
You might be harder pressed, though, to explain where the name comes from. Where did the festival – both the tradition and the word – originate?
Readers with a keen ear may guess it’s linked to the word ‘sacred’, and they’d be right: it’s from the Latin sacred which means just that.
But what do these food festivals – which may be accompanied by music, dancing and other cultural activities, but rarely feature any religious elements – have to do with the sacred?
Festivals have their origins in Roman harvest festivals dedicated to the gods, which involved thanksgiving processions followed by banquets attended by the whole town.
When Rome became Christianised, these pagan festivals became Christian occasions (much like Christmas), switching the object of worship while keeping the nature of the celebration much the same.
The Treccani dictionary notes that festival in old Italian (at the time, the word could also be spelt as sacra) was a ‘solemn feast’ held to commemorate the foundation or consecration of a church or altar, or to honour a town’s patron saint.
These religious observances were often accompanied by markets and various street festivals; over time, the word festival was increasingly used to refer to solely to the more secular aspects of the celebrations.
These days, a festival rarely incorporates any religious elements unless it’s a very longstanding and established festival.
Most festivals simply focus on one particular food or drink item – be it truffles, porcini mushrooms, pork, wine or, yes, frogs – and offer tastings and workshops and demonstrate different cooking styles.
That doesn’t mean you won’t find any festival with religious elements. If you’re looking for a more traditional event, Monza’s Sagra di San Gerardo in June features both a mass dedicated to the city’s patron saint – a statue of whom is ceremonially lowered into the River Lambro on this date, and a cherry fair.
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