JAXA, the Japanese space agency, has encountered a setback in their plans to launch two different space missions from one rocket. The missions, which include a new X-ray telescope and a small robotic moon lander, will have to wait for another opportunity to take off.
The X-ray telescope, known as XRISM, is part of the X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission. It will serve to investigate some of the hottest spots in the universe by studying cosmic X-rays. Unlike other wavelengths of light, X-rays can only be detected from above Earth’s atmosphere, making it crucial to have a telescope in space for this type of research. XRISM will utilize state-of-the-art spectroscopy to measure changes in the brightness of celestial objects at different wavelengths, providing valuable information on motion and chemistry in extreme cosmic locations such as swirling black holes and exploding stars.
A key tool aboard XRISM is an instrument called Resolve, which boasts higher resolution data collection capabilities than current X-ray observatories in orbit. To achieve this level of precision, Resolve must be cooled to just above absolute zero. Additionally, another instrument called Xtend will work in conjunction with Resolve to capture photographs of the cosmos with a resolution similar to what our eyes would perceive with X-ray vision. Together, these instruments will provide scientists with crucial data and complementary views of the same X-ray sources.
The second mission, called SLIM (Smart Lander for Investigating Moon), is a compact robotic moon lander that aims to demonstrate advanced navigation capabilities. SLIM’s primary goal is to land within a specific area on the moon, showcasing improved landing technology for future spacecraft. The lander is about the size of a small food truck and weighs over 1,500 pounds at launch.
Although the exact date has not been announced, JAXA plans to reschedule the launch within its reserved launch period, which extends through September 15. The launch was originally planned for Sunday at 8:26 p.m. Eastern time from Japan’s Tanegashima Space Center but was delayed due to inclement weather.
Once XRISM reaches an orbit approximately 350 miles above Earth, researchers will spend the next few months testing and calibrating the instruments before commencing science operations in January. Initial results from the gathered data are expected within a year.
On the other hand, SLIM will embark on a much longer journey towards the Shioli crater on the moon’s near side. The lander will take at least four months to reach lunar orbit before spending an additional month circling the moon. Afterward, it will attempt to safely land on the lunar surface. This extended journey is necessary to conserve propellant and ensure a precise touchdown on the designated landing site.
While the launch delay is disappointing, JAXA remains committed to advancing scientific exploration and technology. Once these missions take off, they have the potential to uncover fascinating insights about our universe and contribute to future space exploration endeavors.