Osteoarthritis is one of the most widespread rheumatic diseases in Spain. The experts on the “Health and Prevention” blog offer us guidelines to prevent and slow down the progression of osteoarthritis and identify its symptoms.
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According to the latest EPISER study, conducted by Spanish Society of Rheumatology (SER)arthrosis affects approximately 29% of the population is over 40 years oldmaking it a major cause of pain and disability in adults, which is why it is important to prevent it.
“This pathology not only causes wear and tear on the cartilage, but also affects other structures of the joint, such as bones, ligaments and synovial membranes, causing pain, stiffness and loss of mobility,” explains the doctor. Manuel Romero Jurado, head of the Rheumatology service of the Quirónsalud Hospital Cordoba.
“Early diagnosis and starting treatment – he underlines - can significantly improve the quality of life, as well as slowing down the progression of the disease and avoiding future complications”.
The doctor points out that, although osteoarthritis can appear at any time in life, “it is more common after the age of 50. However, factors such as being overweight, previous joint injuries or certain occupations that involve repetitive movements can cause it to appear at an earlier age. It tends to be more prevalent in women and after menopause,” he points out.
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Dr. Manuel Romero Jurado, head of the Rheumatology service at the Quirónsalud Córdoba Hospital. Photo provided by Qurónsalud
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The first symptoms that raise suspicions
Therefore, this expert emphasizes that the first symptoms of arthrosis can be subtle, although he emphasizes that it is important to recognize them in order to consult a rheumatologist in time and avoid the progression of the disease, the most common of which are:
• Joint pain: the most characteristic; It usually appears with the use of the affected joint (for example walking or climbing stairs in the case of the knee); The pain usually improves with rest, but in advanced stages it may also occur at rest or at night.
• Joint stiffness: Occurs mostly after periods of inactivity, such as when waking up in the morning or after sitting for a long time. This stiffness usually lasts less than 30 minutes and improves with movement.
• Loss of mobility: As osteoarthritis progresses, it may become more difficult to move the joint normally. This can affect daily activities such as bending over, climbing stairs, or opening jars if the hands are affected.
• Joint deformity: In the more advanced stages, visible deformities may appear in the joints, especially of the hands, with nodules on the fingers (Heberden and Bouchard nodules).
• Rubbing or crunching sensation: Some people report a “rubbing” or ”cracking” sensation when moving the affected joint, which is indicative of wear and tear on the joint cartilage.
Osteoarthritis can sometimes be prevented and stopped
Although it is not always possible to completely prevent osteoarthritis, as the Quirónsalud Córdoba specialist recognizes, it is possible to reduce the risk of developing it or slow down its progression with some healthy habits, in which diet plays a fundamental role:
• Maintain a healthy weight: Being overweight is a major risk factor for osteoarthritis, especially in weight-bearing joints such as the knees and hips. Diet can influence both the prevention and control of osteoarthritis symptoms, especially if it helps maintain a healthy weight and reduce chronic inflammation. Refined sugars and processed products, as well as saturated and trans fats, should be avoided. Fresh fruit and vegetables, fish rich in omega-3 acids, extra virgin olive oil, nuts and seeds should prevail.
• Regular exercise: Low-impact exercises such as walking, swimming or cycling help strengthen the muscles surrounding the joints, improving stability and reducing wear and tear
It is one of the most important pillars in the treatment of osteoarthritis; Inactivity or a sedentary lifestyle can worsen joint stiffness, decrease muscle strength and increase pain.
• Avoid joint injuries: Protecting joints from overload or repetitive motion can help prevent premature cartilage wear; If you have already suffered a joint injury, it is important to receive adequate treatment to avoid consequences.
“Ultimately, adopting an anti-inflammatory diet, along with an active lifestyle and weight control, can help reduce the symptoms of osteoarthritis and improve quality of life. While joint wear and tear cannot be reversed, a proper diet can prevent disease progression and improve overall joint health,” says Dr. Romero Jurado.
With this, this rheumatologist reminds that the diagnosis of osteoarthritis is based on a combination of clinical history, physical examination and complementary tests. Among other tools he cites x-rays, ultrasounds, magnetic resonance imaging and blood tests.
What are the most common symptoms of osteoarthritis?
The text you provided discusses the prevalence and implications of osteoarthritis (artrosis) as well as prevention strategies. Here are the key points summarized:
Overview of Osteoarthritis
- Prevalence: According to the latest EPISER study by the Spanish Society of Rheumatology, osteoarthritis affects around 29% of the population over 40 years old. It is a significant cause of pain and disability in adults.
- Impact: Osteoarthritis leads to deterioration not only of the cartilage but also other joint structures such as bones, ligaments, and synovial membranes, resulting in symptoms like pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility.
Risk Factors
- Age: More common after age 50, but can appear sooner due to factors such as:
– Being overweight
– Previous joint injuries
– Occupations involving repetitive movements
- Gender: More prevalent in women, particularly after menopause.
Symptoms
The initial symptoms can be subtle, and recognizing them is crucial for early consultation with a rheumatologist:
- Joint pain: Typically worsens with activity and improves with rest.
- Joint stiffness: Most noticeable after inactivity, lasting less than 30 minutes and improving with movement.
- Loss of mobility: Difficulty in moving the joint can interfere with daily activities.
- Joint deformity: In advanced stages, visible deformities, such as nodules on fingers, may appear.
- Rubbing or crunching sensation: A sign of wear and tear in the joint cartilage.
Prevention and Management
While complete prevention might not be possible, risk reduction and symptom management can be achieved through healthy habits:
- Maintaining a healthy weight: Crucial for weight-bearing joints. A balanced diet can help control weight and reduce inflammation.
Conclusion
Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for improving the quality of life for those affected by osteoarthritis and can slow disease progression, avoiding future complications.