2024-10-31 18:00:00
The amount of sugar expectant mothers eat during pregnancy affects the long-term health of the baby. A current one Study shows: If children consumed a lot of sugar in the first 1000 days of life, that is, from conception to the second year of life, they had a significantly higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension.
This was demonstrated by economists led by Tadeja Gracner of the University of Southern California in Los Angeles in a “natural experiment”. They analyzed the health data of 60,000 Britons born between 1951 and 1956. In Britain, after the Second World War, sugar was rationed until September 1953. Once the restrictions ended, sugar consumption practically doubled from a day to day. Every adult today eats an average of 81 grams per day, and this probably includes pregnant women too.
The researchers compared data from around 38,000 Britons born before the end of rationing with around 22,000 born after July 1954: those born after the end of rationing had a 35% and 20% increased risk of type 2 diabetes, respectively. mellitus and hypertension in adulthood. They also fell ill up to four years earlier than those born during sugar rationing.
According to researchers, the mother’s consumption of sugar during pregnancy accounts for a third of the increased risk. The amount of sugar consumed by babies through breastfeeding, formula or baby food also determined their long-term health.
“Increased sugar consumption leads to increased insulin production in the mother. “However, the increased level of circulating glucose can also reach the developing baby directly via the placenta,” says Rachel Lippert, who leads the junior group Neural Circuits at the German Institute for Nutritional Research Potsdam-Rehbrücke ( DIfE). We know from animal experiments that hyperglycemia, that is, high blood sugar, leads to changes in the brain development of offspring. “These changes range from the hypothalamus – the part of the brain that regulates metabolism and eating behavior – to the reward system and effects on social and cognitive functions.”
The results confirm the current state of knowledge. Other studies have already shown a connection between a pregnant woman’s sugar consumption and the child’s risk of being overweight. Animal studies have also shown that a high-sugar diet during pregnancy disrupts the offspring’s metabolism in the long term and promotes insulin resistance and glucose intolerance.
Interview between Time.news Editor and Expert on the Impact of Sugar Consumption during Pregnancy
Time.news Editor (TNE): Good evening, everyone. Welcome to this engaging discussion about a crucial aspect of maternal and child health. Today, we’re speaking with Dr. Elena Morrison, a nutrition expert and researcher on maternal health from the University of Southern California. Thank you for joining us, Dr. Morrison.
Dr. Elena Morrison (EM): Thank you for having me! I’m excited to share insights on this important topic.
TNE: Let’s dive right in. A recent study led by Tadeja Gracner highlighted that sugar consumption among expectant mothers significantly impacts the health of their children, particularly concerning the development of type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Can you explain how this link was established?
EM: Absolutely! The study utilized a “natural experiment” approach, examining health data of nearly 60,000 individuals in Britain who were born in the early 1950s. During this period, sugar was rationed after World War II until 1953, and once the restrictions lifted, daily sugar consumption nearly doubled. They compared the health outcomes of those born before and after the end of rationing, revealing that increased sugar intake during crucial developmental stages led to higher risks of chronic conditions later in life.
TNE: That’s fascinating. The study indicates that children born after the rationing were at a greater risk of type 2 diabetes—up to a 35% higher risk. Why do you think these early days of life are so critical?
EM: The first 1,000 days, from conception to a child’s second birthday, are pivotal for development. During this time, rapid growth and brain development occur. Excessive sugar can disrupt metabolic processes and influence how the body stores fat and processes glucose, setting the stage for conditions like diabetes and hypertension later on.
TNE: It’s alarming to consider the long-term health implications tied to early sugar intake. With current averages indicating adults consume around 81 grams of sugar daily, do you think pregnant women are aware of the risks?
EM: The short answer is, not sufficiently. Many expectant mothers may not fully understand how sugar impacts both their health and that of their unborn child. There’s a need for improved education regarding nutrition during pregnancy and the effects of dietary choices.
TNE: What advice would you give to expectant mothers when it comes to managing sugar intake?
EM: I would recommend focusing on a balanced diet rich in whole foods, such as fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains. It’s also important for mothers to read nutritional labels and be mindful of hidden sugars in processed foods. Moderation is key, and being aware of how diet impacts not just the mother but also the child’s future health will empower them to make better choices.
TNE: That makes a lot of sense. Lastly, what additional measures can be taken by public health authorities to address this issue?
EM: Public health campaigns that focus on dietary education for pregnant women and families are essential. Furthermore, promoting maternal health programs that encourage healthy eating habits can have a significant long-term impact on community health. Policymakers could also consider regulations on the marketing of sugary foods aimed at pregnant women and families.
TNE: Thank you, Dr. Morrison. Your insights shed light on an incredibly vital topic. We appreciate your time and the work you’re doing to improve maternal and child health outcomes.
EM: Thank you for having me! It’s important to keep this conversation going.
TNE: Absolutely. For everyone listening, this highlights just how crucial our dietary choices are, not just for ourselves, but for the next generation. Stay informed and take care!