New Study Finds Long-term Use of Acid Reflux Drug Linked to Higher Risk of Dementia
A new study has found that people who use a common type of acid reflux drug for more than four years may face a higher risk of developing dementia later in life. The research focused on individuals who were prescribed proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for frequent acid reflux, stomach ulcers, or other digestive tract issues. The study, published in the journal Neurology, revealed that those who took the medication for more than 4.4 years had a 33% greater likelihood of developing dementia compared to individuals who did not take the medication.
Proton pump inhibitors, including popular over-the-counter brands such as Prilosec, Nexium, and Prevacid, are commonly used to reduce stomach acid. Acid reflux occurs when acid from the stomach escapes and reaches the esophagus, often after a meal or before going to bed. If left untreated, this condition, known as gastroesophageal reflux disease, can lead to damage to the esophagus and an increased risk of cancer. PPIs work by targeting acid-producing enzymes in the lining of the stomach, thereby reducing stomach acid.
The latest study adds to a growing body of research linking the long-term use of these medications to various health conditions, including stroke, heart disease, and kidney disease. However, previous studies on the connection between PPIs and dementia have produced mixed results. Two thorough reviews, which compiled data from multiple independent studies, did not find significant links between dementia or Alzheimer’s disease and the use of proton pump inhibitors.
While the recent study does not confirm a direct cause-and-effect relationship between the medication and dementia, it provides evidence that long-term use of PPIs can increase the risk of developing dementia. This condition affects approximately one in three adults above the age of 85. Dr. Kamakshi Lakshminarayan, the author of the study and a vascular neurologist and researcher at the University of Minnesota School of Public Health, advises patients to discuss all the medications they are taking with their doctors. By reviewing the medications, including any over-the-counter drugs, patients can better understand the reasons for taking each medication and assess potential risks.
Dr. Fouad J. Moawad, a gastroenterologist and spokesman for the American Gastroenterological Association, acknowledges that conflicting findings from previous studies can be confusing for both patients and prescribers. He recommends that individuals who require PPIs for severe reflux esophagitis, Barrett’s esophagus, and peptic ulcers should take the lowest effective dose. Additionally, he advises people to avoid foods known to trigger stomach acid, refrain from eating within three hours of sleeping, elevate their head while sleeping, and maintain a healthy weight.
As further research continues to explore the potential risks and benefits of long-term PPI use, individuals are encouraged to consult with their healthcare providers and make informed decisions regarding their medication regimen.