2023-08-18 20:27:00
Type 1 Diabetes and Exercise: Tips for Sufferers
Diabetes is a disease that affects millions of people worldwide, including Olympic champions. Weightlifter Matthias Steiner and tennis pro Alexander Zverev are among the athletes who have been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. However, managing this autoimmune disease can be challenging, especially when it comes to exercising.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by the body’s inability to produce sufficient insulin, the hormone responsible for regulating blood sugar levels. As a result, individuals with this condition must inject insulin regularly to maintain proper metabolic balance. When it comes to exercise, diabetes patients are at a higher risk of experiencing hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar levels.
According to physiologist and diabetes expert Othmar Moser from the University of Bayreuth, individuals with type 1 diabetes should adjust their therapy plans in consultation with their doctors. The general rule is to reduce insulin intake and increase carbohydrate consumption before exercise. By doing so, diabetes sufferers can avoid hypoglycemia during physical activity.
Diabetologist Gerhard Schmeisl recommends injecting less insulin before the last meal before training. This is because insulin has a more significant impact when the muscles are active. Additionally, individuals should consume around 12 grams of carbohydrates every half hour during short-term exercise sessions, such as swimming or cycling. Slow carbohydrates found in wholemeal bread, nuts, legumes, and salad are ideal sources for maintaining blood sugar levels during exercise.
Moser advises individuals to consume fast-acting carbohydrates when needed during exercise. Foods like bananas, pretzels, fruit juice, and classic grape sugar are suitable choices for a quick boost. However, the most crucial aspect for diabetes sufferers during exercise is monitoring their blood sugar levels. Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) systems are highly recommended for this purpose. These devices measure glucose levels in the tissue using a sensor beneath the skin, providing real-time data to a receiving device or smartphone.
By continuously monitoring blood sugar levels, individuals can avoid hypoglycemia during or after exercise. Schmeisl warns of the “muscle replenishment effect,” where the body attempts to replenish sugar stores in the liver and muscles, causing blood sugar levels to drop. Slow carbohydrates consumed before bedtime can help prevent hypoglycemia at night.
Despite the potential risks, regular exercise offers several benefits for individuals with diabetes. It helps reduce insulin dependence by naturally lowering blood sugar levels and improving the body’s response to the hormone. Engaging in physical activity also reduces the risk of comorbidities such as high blood pressure, obesity, and even type 2 diabetes.
Before starting an exercise regimen, it is crucial for individuals with diabetes to consult with their doctors. In some cases, a heart check using a stress ECG may be necessary, but it generally does not deter individuals from engaging in physical activity. Experts recommend at least 150 minutes of exercise per week spread across three to four sessions. While a combination of endurance and strength training is ideal, the most important factor is finding a sport or activity that individuals enjoy and can commit to in the long run.
In conclusion, exercise can significantly improve the quality of life for individuals with diabetes. It helps manage blood sugar levels, reduces the risk of comorbidities, and for those with type 2 diabetes, it can even lead to a complete cure. However, it is crucial to seek medical advice and modify therapy plans accordingly. By finding a sport or activity that they enjoy, individuals with diabetes can maintain a healthy and active lifestyle.]
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