2024-11-09 17:00:00
For ten years, every first Monday in October, in the morning, a swarm of journalists has landed in front of Michael Hall’s house in Basel, Switzerland. And it stays put until the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is announced, around 11:30.
A ritual consolidated since the highest scientific rewards rained down on this biologist, a specialist in cellular growth processes. Breakthrough Life Sciences Award 2014; Gairdner Award in 2015; Lasker Prize in 2017… This year too, the Nobel, the media will have waited in vain. And this Swiss-American researcher, adept at self-irony, playfully pokes fun at it. But this is not enough to stop the recognition: the Balzan Prize will be awarded to him on November 21st in Rome.
Tuesday 17 September The world he met him on the occasion of the presentation of the great medal awarded to him by the Academy of Sciences. At 71 years old the man appears discreet. Don’t trust him: he owes his success to his unfailing stubbornness.
“Michael Hall gave its nobility to cellular metabolism, this set of biochemical reactions at work in cells”explained the immunologist Alain Fischer, president of the Academy of Sciences, under the great figures of Corneille and Molière, Lavoisier and Coulomb.
“The Grail of Biology”
The academics could not be wrong, in fact, in rewarding the discoverer of the named molecules TOR (target of rapamycin), of universal scope in the Lilliputian universe of cells with a nucleus. They equip all animal cells, from yeast to human and plant cells. And they become towers for controlling cell growth. “If we eliminate TOR, no cell will survive”underlines Michael Hall.
« The discovery of a gene with functions as essential as TOR is the Holy Grail of biologyunderlines Pierre Léopold, of the Institut Curie, in Paris. In pathophysiology there are very few stories like this. »
This saga begins as a story. “In 1965, on Easter Island, a team of Canadian microbiologists took soil samples”says Michael Hall, in a soft voice. Nobody knew it, but this land holds a treasure, which will lead to the TOR. It contained bacteria, Hygroscopic Streptomycesfrom which a molecule capable of blocking the proliferation of fungi was extracted in 1975. It will be called “rapamycin”, in reference to the indigenous name of this island, Rapa Nui.
Interview between Time.news Editor and Michael Hall
Editor: Good afternoon, Michael. Thank you for joining us today. It’s been quite a week for you, especially with the recent accolades. How does it feel to receive the Balzan Prize later this month in Rome?
Michael Hall: Thank you for having me. It’s truly an honor. While I’ve been fortunate to receive several awards throughout my career, the Balzan Prize particularly stands out due to its recognition of the fundamental contribution to the field of science. It’s a reminder of the importance of scientific research in society.
Editor: Your research has certainly paved the way for a deeper understanding of cellular metabolism. For our readers who may not be familiar with your work, can you explain what makes cellular metabolism so critical in biology?
Michael Hall: Absolutely. Cellular metabolism is the set of biochemical processes that occur within a cell to maintain life. It’s essential for energy production, biosynthesis of necessary compounds, and regulation of various cellular functions. By understanding these pathways, we can unravel not only fundamental biological processes but also develop insights into diseases such as cancer and diabetes.
Editor: You mentioned the importance of your research in understanding diseases. How do you see your work influencing future studies or medical advancements?
Michael Hall: My hope is that by further elucidating the complex interplay of metabolic pathways, we can identify novel therapeutic targets. For instance, metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer cells. By targeting these altered pathways, researchers can develop more effective cancer treatments. It’s really about connecting the dots between basic research and clinical applications.
Editor: That’s fascinating! I’ve noticed that despite numerous accolades, you approach your recognition with a sense of humor and humility. Why do you think it’s important to be self-aware in such a competitive field?
Michael Hall: Science can be incredibly intense and competitive, but maintaining a sense of humor keeps things in perspective. It’s essential to remember that science is a collaborative effort. Many breakthroughs result from teamwork and years of hard work from countless individuals. Celebrating our successes is important, but so is acknowledging the contributions of others.
Editor: You’ve been nominated multiple times for the Nobel Prize, yet it hasn’t happened so far. Do you find this to be a source of pressure, or do you take it in stride?
Michael Hall: Honestly, I take it in stride. The Nobel Prize is a prestigious award, but it shouldn’t define the worth of one’s contributions to science. I’m grateful for the recognition I’ve received and continue to focus on my research and mentoring students. That’s what truly brings me joy.
Editor: That’s an admirable perspective. As you continue your work, what upcoming projects or areas of research are you most excited about?
Michael Hall: I’m currently exploring the role of mTOR signaling in cellular metabolism, particularly how it influences growth and longevity. This area has vast implications, especially regarding aging and life extension. I’m excited about discovering how we might manipulate these pathways for better health outcomes as we age.
Editor: It sounds like there’s still much more to come from your research! for those young scientists hoping to follow in your footsteps, what advice would you give them?
Michael Hall: Stay curious and be persistent. Science is full of challenges and setbacks, but those moments are often the most valuable learning experiences. Don’t be afraid to ask questions, seek collaborations, and most importantly, enjoy the journey of discovery.
Editor: Thank you, Michael, for sharing your insights and experiences with us today. We look forward to following your continued contributions to science!
Michael Hall: Thank you for having me! It was a pleasure to discuss my work with you.