Public health officials in Réunion are monitoring a growing cluster of mpox cases linked to recent travel from Madagascar, with two new confirmed infections reported this week. The cases, identified by the Réunion Island Regional Health Agency (ARS), bring the total number of confirmed mpox cases on the island to four since the beginning of the year. This development underscores the ongoing risk of imported cases and the importance of vigilance as Madagascar continues to experience an outbreak of the virus.
The newly confirmed cases are household contacts of a previously identified individual who contracted mpox in Madagascar, and was confirmed on February 9th. This close-contact transmission highlights the potential for spread within communities, even with relatively limited exposure. Health authorities are actively conducting contact tracing to identify and support anyone who may have been exposed, offering medical follow-up and recommendations for reactive vaccination.
Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is a viral illness that can cause a rash, fever, headache, muscle aches, and swollen lymph nodes. While typically a self-limiting illness, it can be more severe in individuals with weakened immune systems. The current outbreak globally has primarily affected men who have sex with men, but anyone can contract the virus through close contact with an infected person or contaminated materials.
Rising Cases Reflect Broader Regional Concern
The situation in Réunion mirrors a broader trend of mpox cases being exported from Madagascar to neighboring islands. Earlier this year, cases were reported in Mayotte, signaling the potential for regional spread. L’Express reported in January that Madagascar continues to be a source of mpox transmission to surrounding islands.
The first mpox case in Réunion linked to Madagascar was confirmed on January 23, 2026, according to Beacon Bio, and further reporting by Google News. This initial case prompted a public health response focused on identifying contacts and offering preventative measures.
Public Health Recommendations
The ARS La Réunion is emphasizing several key measures to limit further transmission of mpox. These recommendations align with national guidelines and are designed to protect both individuals and the wider community.
- Strict Isolation: Individuals experiencing symptoms of mpox should isolate themselves completely until all lesions have fully healed.
- Hygiene Practices: Rigorous hand hygiene and avoiding close contact with others are crucial preventative steps.
- Masks and Gloves: Individuals with suspected or confirmed mpox should wear masks when around others and gloves if they have lesions on their hands.
- Reactive Vaccination: Contact tracing efforts include offering reactive vaccination to individuals at risk, ideally within four days of exposure, and up to 14 days.
These measures are intended to interrupt chains of transmission and protect vulnerable populations. The ARS is working closely with local physicians and hospital infectious disease specialists to ensure coordinated care and vaccination efforts.
Understanding Reactive Vaccination
Reactive vaccination, also known as post-exposure prophylaxis, involves administering the mpox vaccine to individuals who have been recently exposed to the virus. The vaccine is most effective when given within four days of exposure, but can still provide some protection if administered up to 14 days after exposure. The JYNNEOS vaccine is currently recommended for both primary vaccination and reactive vaccination against mpox.
While the vaccine is not 100% effective, it can significantly reduce the severity of illness and the risk of transmission. Public health officials emphasize that vaccination is a critical tool in controlling the spread of mpox, particularly for those at higher risk of exposure.
Looking Ahead
The ARS La Réunion will continue to monitor the situation closely, conducting contact tracing and providing updated information to the public. The next update from the agency is expected in early March, as they assess the impact of current control measures and evaluate the need for further interventions. Residents are encouraged to stay informed and follow the guidance of public health officials.
What we have is a developing public health situation, and we will continue to provide updates as they become available. If you have concerns about mpox, please consult with your healthcare provider.
