Scientists Are Closer to Understanding Why Red Wine Causes Headaches for Some
New research suggests that a compound found in red wine may be the culprit behind the headaches experienced by some individuals after consumption. The study, published Monday in the journal Scientific Reports, indicates that a flavonol naturally occurring in red wines may interfere with the body’s ability to metabolize alcohol, leading to the accumulation of toxins and swift headaches.
Quercetin, the flavonol in question, is a plant compound found in fruits and vegetables, including grapes, berries, onions, and broccoli. When it enters the bloodstream, the body converts it to a different form called quercetin glucuronide, which blocks the metabolism of alcohol. Red wine, with a tenfold higher amount of phenolic compounds, is considered a primary contender responsible for these headaches, according to the authors.
The study aimed to uncover why headaches after imbibing just one or two glasses of red wine can even happen to people who don’t get headaches from other alcoholic beverages. Researchers studied how the flavonol may affect a genetic variant of an enzyme called ALDH2, which is involved in the body’s metabolism of alcohol.
While the research suggests a potential link, experts have urged caution, characterizing the study as a proposition of a theory rather than proof. Dr. Jonas Spaak, an associate professor of cardiology, emphasized that the study was only conducted in a lab, and the substances were tested in concentrations several times higher than that in blood after a few glasses of wine.
The authors have announced plans to test their hypothesis in a small clinical trial of people who experience these headaches, comparing red wines with high amounts of quercetin with those that have little. Until then, Spaak has advised that alcohol consumption be done in moderation to minimize headaches.
Ultimately, the study indicates that red wine drinkers may have better luck with cheaper red wines or with white wines, which have lower flavonol content overall. With further research and clinical trials, a better understanding of the relationship between red wine and headaches can be established.