Colorectal Cancer Surpasses Other Types as Leading Cause of Cancer Death in US Adults
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A new analysis of over 1.2 million cancer deaths between 1990 and 2023 reveals a concerning trend: colorectal cancer deaths are rising, now representing the leading cause of cancer death for both men and women combined. The findings, published in the medical journal JAMA, highlight a shift in the landscape of cancer mortality, even as deaths from other common cancers decline.
A Rise in Colorectal Cancer Cases Among Younger Adults
The increase in colorectal cancer is particularly alarming due to its growing prevalence among younger individuals. Experts emphasize the critical importance of cancer screening, noting that early detection significantly improves treatment outcomes. This rise contrasts sharply with the progress made against other cancers affecting those under 50.
Declining Mortality Rates in Other Cancers
While colorectal cancer cases are increasing, deaths from other leading causes of cancer in younger populations—including lung cancer, leukemia, and breast cancer—have fallen by as much as 6% annually. According to a leading oncologist, these improvements are largely attributable to more effective therapies.
“If we break these improvements down, more than half is certainly due to more effective therapies,” stated Dr. William Dahut, oncologist and chief scientific officer of the American Cancer Society.
The reduction in smoking has also played a significant role, contributing to a 5.7% annual decrease in lung cancer deaths. In 1990, lung cancer was the primary cause of cancer death in those under 50, but it has since fallen to fourth place.
Progress in Breast and Cervical Cancer Treatment and Prevention
Despite a rise in breast cancer diagnoses during the study period, associated deaths have decreased by an average of 1.4% per year. However, breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death in young women. Cervical cancer deaths have also seen a modest decline of approximately 0.5% annually, remaining the third leading cause of cancer death in young women.
Routine screening examinations for both breast cancer and cervical cancer are recommended, and vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV)—the primary cause of cervical cancer—has been available since 2006. Dr. Dahut predicts, “I think there’s a good chance we’ll see dramatic declines [in cervical cancer deaths] assuming vaccination rates continue.”
Why the Increase in Colorectal Cancer?
Researchers are concerned about the recent surge in colorectal cancer deaths, particularly because the underlying causes remain unclear. “It didn’t completely surprise me, although I have to say it’s progressing a bit faster than I anticipated,” one expert noted. “It will be related to either environmental or lifestyle factors.”
The need for increased awareness and proactive screening is paramount. Doctors should regularly recommend cancer screening and investigate symptoms, even in middle-aged patients. This is especially crucial given that over 75% of new colorectal cancer diagnoses in young patients are detected at advanced stages, when treatment is less effective.
“A lot of people in their 40s don’t necessarily have a family doctor telling them to get screened — especially men,” one physician observed.
The American Cancer Society recommends that individuals at average risk of colorectal cancer begin screening at age 45, while those with a family history or other increased risk factors should be tested earlier. The rising rates of this preventable cancer underscore the urgent need for increased vigilance and proactive healthcare measures.
