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Physicists believe that they have finally managed to decipher the famous black hole paradox of Stephen Hawking!
A problem lies at the heart of every black hole. As it travels away into nothingness over the eons, it takes a tiny sliver of the universe with it.
This is a paradox left to us by the late Stephen Hawking as part of his revolutionary work on these brutal things, inspiring researchers to tinker with potential solutions for half a century.
Somewhere between the two greatest theories built in physics, there is a small but important flaw. Finding a solution would allow us to either model general relativity as a particle-like system or understand quantum physics against the rolling background of space and time. If not a combination of the two.
One recent attempt at a new theory by physicists from the UK, US and Italy has certainly generated some interest in the public media, although it will be some time before we know somehow if this is the solution we so desperately seek.
To understand why a hairy black hole can be useful in terms of paradoxes, it is important to know why there is a paradox to begin with. Black holes are clumps of matter packed so tightly that their gravity is so wrinkled by space and time that nothing can muster the velocity needed to escape.
Usually this wouldn’t be a big problem. But about half a century ago, Hawking came to the realization that black holes must “sparkle” in a rather unique way, and their falsification of the universe would alter the wave-like nature of surrounding quantum fields, producing a form of thermal radiation.
To balance the math, this means that black holes will gradually radiate energy, contract at an accelerating rate, and eventually cease to exist.
The information that falls into a radiant object such as a star is usually represented in the chaotic spectrum of colors that project from its surface. Or they are left in its cold, dense shell after its death.
This is not the case for black holes. If Hawking’s radiation theory was correct, they would all be gone. This is detrimental to the big rule in quantum physics that the information that makes a particle a particle is preserved in the universe from moment to moment.
A large part of the debate over the nature of a black hole’s data bank is the extent to which the properties of its contents and behavior continue to influence its surroundings even after it has slipped to the edge.
There are solutions to black holes in general relativity that recognize their mass and angular momentum, and the charge is still pushing and pulling their local surroundings. Any remaining links with the universe are described as whiskers.
The presence of a little mystery gives black holes a path for their quantum information to remain stuck in the universe, even if it fades over time.
So theorists have been busy trying to find ways to enact the laws that define space and time, and how they intertwine with the laws that tell particles how to share their information.
This new solution applies quantum thinking to gravity in the form of theoretical particles called gravitons. And these are not real particles like electrons and quarks. It may not exist at all.
This doesn’t mean we can’t figure out what it might look like if you did, or think about the possible quantum states it might operate within.
Through a series of logical steps from how gravitons can behave under certain energy conditions, the team demonstrates a plausible model for how information inside a black hole stays connected to surrounding space across a line of no return — like petals.
And as a theory, it’s an interesting one based on a solid framework. But there is still a long way to go before we can mark this paradox as “resolved.”
In general, there are two ways in which science advances: the first is to see something strange and try to explain it. The other is to guess something strange, and then try to find it.
This research was published in the journal Physical Review Letters.
Source: Science Alert
