2024-10-05 16:52:00
Growing old in a healthy wayor, prevent falls and fractures when you are elderly and therefore subject to bone fragility. These are the themes at the center of the second day of V International Congress “Aspect to a healthy life – Positive nutrition, anti-inflammatory diet, physical activity and sportt” organized by the Paolo Sorbini Foundation, and promoted by Enervit and Technogym in Milan. “As has been demonstrated in a recent study – says Asker Jeukendrup, director of the performance consultancy Mysportscience and professor at Loughborough University – the hiring of Glucose improved the performance of athletes by 9% compared to the comparison group that had taken a placebo. The intake of glucose and fructose together further improved performance by over 7%.
Jordan D. Metzl, sports doctor, also spoke about physical activity: “Today if you go to a doctor you get vital signs, height, weight and blood pressure but not fitness data. Our hope for the future is that medical data and fitness data are together in the electronic medical record. This – explains Metzl – will make remote monitoring of activity and exercise prescription easier.”
Fabrizio Angelini, president of the Italian Society of Sports Nutrition and Wellbeing (Sinseb) illustrated the role of creatine in the sports field: “In building an athlete who practices an endurance sport, creatine can be useful because it has a buffer effect on the muscle and an action on the respiratory consumption of oxygen and antioxidant – he highlights – It has an action to combat both fatigue and post-workout muscle pain, as well as having an antioxidant effect: 5 grams per day are able to counteract the oxidative phenomena that are determined in the case of intense athletic effort. Very interestingly, the action of creatine on the elderly population who performs physical activity, in which it has a protective role from fractures. Correct nutrition, adequate physical exercise and the right supplementation help elderly population to prevent falls and fractures, and this is an important element if we think about the great sustainability challenge that our NHS has to face. In subjects with impaired renal function, creatine intake must be carefully monitored.”
Silvano Zanuso, professor of the Department of Technology at the Ecu University of Perth (Au) and scientific and research manager of Technogym, has no doubts: “Vo2max, the maximum oxygen consumption that a human can consume in a unit of time, is an excellent predictor of mortality and can be improved. Aerobic parameters are in fact predictors of functional age, the same goes for strength. In addition to being related to life expectancy – Zanuso points out – aerobic and strength parameters can be exercise and the greatest reduction in the risk of death from all causes comes from moving from a sedentary lifestyle to being moderately active.”
Simple physical activity “is correlated with life expectancy, health and functional level and is a protective factor against cardiovascular events – adds Zanuso – while physical exercise, both strength and aerobic activity, reduces the cardiovascular risk, all-cause mortality and improve longevity. For this reason, strength and cardiorespiratory activity should both be performed at least 2-3 times a week, in addition to normal daily physical activity. Aerobic activity improves mitochondrial activity inflammation positively, strength activity, from a metabolic point of view, helps the muscle to capture glucose”.
Physical activity is often linked to nutrition and in this sense attention must be kept high when there is a risk of being overweight which “increases the probability of four cardiovascular diseases, type 2 fatty liver, type 2 diabetes, at least 14 types of cancer and dementia – underlines Dorothy D. Sears, professor of Nutrition and executive director of Clinical and community translational science at the College of health solutions at Arizona State University – It is important to align food intake with circadian rhythms, the innate biological rhythms, during which cortisol and melatonin levels rise and fall at opposite rates. Cortisol is high during the morning and declines as the evening approaches, the opposite does melatonin. Glucose levels in the body determined by the same meal will be higher if the meal is consumed in the evening rather than in the morning”.
A “misaligned” circadian rhythm – highlights Sears – is linked to an increased risk of a variety of cancers, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disorders. Help in keeping nutrition aligned with the circadian rhythm can come from intermittent fasting, which can be declined differently and is different from calorie reduction. Overnight fasting is associated with improved control of blood glucose levels and a decrease in inflammation”. Hellas Cena, a surgeon specializing in food science and professor at the University of Pavia, also spoke about being overweight.
“Obesity has already been recognized by the WHO as a chronic degenerative disease – recalls Cena – which favors cardiovascular diseases, metabolic and oncological diseases and infections. Over the last 20-30 years, obesity has tripled in the world, even in countries where development. If current trends do not improve, by 2030 one in 5 women and one in 7 men will be obese, which is over 1 billion people globally.”
“Activity and physical exercise are both crucial in weight control. Method and consistency are very important when it comes to physical exercise – remarks Elena Casiraghi, PhD, specialist in nutrition and sports integration and adjunct professor of theory and methods of training individual sports at the University of Pavia – Training is done by volume (how long or repetitions), the intensity which is strategic and finally the frequency. Three factors that must work to ensure that physical exercise allows us to maintain our physical shape even after a period of weight loss. It is important to create a sustainable routine to carry out methodically in everyday life. For example, taking the stairs instead of taking the lift is an opportunity for movement like not taking the escalator on the subway. These are strategies that help to interrupt that sedentary lifestyle that is harmful to our health.”
Closing the day was Karin Michels, professor of Epidemiology at the Fielding school of public health at UCLA, Los Angeles: “The intestinal microbiota is very important for health, it influences many organ functions, it is our largest immune organ. Patients with obesity – he concluded – have a more limited variety of intestinal bacteria and the variety is important for the health of the microbiota. For people with obesity you can resort to bariatric surgery. It is a permanent remedy, it is a rather invasive operation but it is the most effective way to change the microbiota in a lasting way and to lose weight”.
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