Lev Dmitrievich, how many Russians support Putin’s war or, as they say here in Russia, “special operations”?
Around 75 percent since April. There were even more in March, when the propaganda aroused imperial feelings. However, this is less a question of real support and more of a lack of resistance. Questions of detail produce a more complex picture.
Which?
The bulk of the population is proud of the actions of the Russian army in Ukraine. At the same time, she is not willing to pay anything for it or contribute to it, let alone take part in it. She worries that the war could escalate into a major war, a confrontation with NATO that could eventually reach Russian territory. Around 40 percent are downright shocked and outraged.
Has the attitude of the Russians changed over the course of the six months of war?
Only with a view to getting used to it: the war is faded out, you don’t want to hear anything about it. This is a protective mechanism. Somehow people understand that Russian troops have committed crimes and civilians are being killed in Ukraine, if only because of the angry denials on state television. Doubts are growing, but so far this has not led to a change in attitudes towards the war. Those who support Putin approve of the actions of Russian troops. Those who are against him are depressed and desperate.
Lev Gudkov in his office
:
Image: Friedrich Schmidt
Who do Russians think the war is against?
At first they thought it was against Ukrainian “nationalists”. But no one had a clear idea of who the “Nazis” were. In March and April, the main focus was on the population of the Donbass, and since May there has been increasing talk of a war with the West that wants to destroy and humiliate Russia. When we ask who is to blame for this war, more than 70 percent name the United States and NATO. Only 17 percent blame Ukraine, Russia between one and seven percent.
Why is the “fascist” narrative so effective?
Because it commemorates the fight against fascism in World War II. From this the regime derives the moral right to dictate its will to others. Therefore, the old fascism thesis reappears every time propaganda wants to disqualify an opponent. The argument is very enduring and destroys compassion for the other side.
Why do so many Russians not name the war or even “special operations” by name, but only speak of “the events”?
First, for fear of punishment. The word war is taboo. The other explanation is more complicated. Many are afraid of a big war, a third world war. “Special operation” sounds like an operation limited in space and time. It has a calming effect and offers a welcome way to take your mind off what’s happening.
to repress.
Exactly. In our polls, we keep hearing phrases like “I’m not interested in that.” – “I don’t want to answer that.” – “I didn’t make the decision.” People cling to the idea that it’s not a war at all.
Is that why Putin is refraining from announcing a general mobilization?