2024-07-26 17:02:00
Most people with diabetes have type 2 diabetes, in which poor diet and obesity are the main causes. Type 1 diabetes accounts for less than 5% of all cases. In 2021, approximately 529 million people worldwide will be diagnosed with diabetes, representing about 6.1% of the world’s population, or about one in 16 people.
The prevalence in some areas is as high as 12.3%. Type 2 diabetes accounts for about 96% of cases, and more than half is due to obesity. It is estimated that around 1.31 billion people will suffer from the disease in 2050, with a prevalence that increases to 16.8% in North Africa and the Middle East and 11.3% in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Genetics, the central nervous system and the interaction between different parts of the body, as well as social and environmental factors such as food insecurity and air pollution, play a role in the development of diabetes. However, some recent findings show significant improvements in controlling and perhaps even reversing the disease. For example, a 2019 study found that 14-day treatment with the antibody teplizumab delayed the progression of diabetes 1 from stage 1 to stage 3 by 24 months. A follow-up analysis conducted in 2021 showed that the delay could be up to 32.5 months. Based on these results, the US Food and Drug Administration approved teplizumab as a first-line therapy for type 1 diabetes.
Advances in insulin including optimized pharmacies, subcutaneous insulin pumps, continuous glucose monitoring, and advanced self-management tools have improved quality of life and outcomes for people with type 3 diabetes. 1.
In addition, stem cells can replace insulin-producing cells that are lost in type 1 diabetes.
For type 2 diabetes, three classes of glucose-lowering drugs developed over the past 20 years (GLP1RA (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists), DPP-4 inhibitors, and SGLT-2 inhibitors) have been widely accepted. allowed to control them. Glucose levels without weight and with a low risk of developing hypoglycemia.
Personalized and conventional medicine approaches are being explored to address the molecular mechanisms underlying diabetes. However, they must demonstrate that the benefits are clinically superior to standard care and that they are cost-effective. Furthermore, it remains to be seen whether consistent approaches can be implemented in all settings around the world, including those with limited resources.
Combinations of GLP1Ras with substances that act on other receptors, such as GIP, have shown high efficacy in the treatment of diabetes. Recent studies have also shown that they are very effective in treating obesity, certain types of heart failure, and even sleep apnea, in part because of their ability to promote weight loss and reduce inflammation. Clinical trials are currently being conducted to test its effectiveness in the treatment of other disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease.
Advances in therapy now raise the prospect of preventing or curing type 1 diabetes and treating type 2 diabetes in ways that not only improve metabolic homeostasis but also reduce the risk and progression of heart disease.
As we understand and develop tools to recognize the underlying differences that lead to diabetes and its complications, the foundation will be laid to guide treatments and prevention strategies to increase their effectiveness in the a very useful method in diverse populations and in finding health resources. .
Finally, in an article published on July 25 in the magazine’s 50th anniversary special issue Egg cell The authors reviewed hundreds of studies that have been published over the years to examine the causes behind type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes and new treatments for the disease.
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