Mercury May Hold a Hidden Diamond Layer
Washington, August 9, 2024 – New research suggests that the smallest planet in our solar system, Mercury, may harbor a surprising surprise beneath its surface: a layer of diamonds up to 18 kilometers thick.
Mercury formed approximately 4.5 billion years ago, and shortly thereafter, the conditions necessary for diamond formation are believed to have existed on the planet. Researchers suggest that an initial layer of graphite floated above a deep magma ocean.
To recreate the ancient, scorching environment of Mercury, scientists utilized a machine called the Anvil Press. This device allows researchers to subject small samples to the extreme pressure and temperature conditions believed to exist deep within Mercury’s mantle.
How the Experiment Was Done
The researchers placed a synthetic mix of elements commonly found in Mercury’s interior inside a graphite capsule. This capsule was then subjected to immense pressure (70,000 times greater than Earth’s surface pressure) and temperatures reaching 2000 degrees Celsius. This simulated the conditions thought to have prevailed on Mercury billions of years ago.
What the Scientists Observed
As the sample melted, the researchers observed the transformation of graphite into diamond crystals using an electron microscope. This discovery provides valuable insights not only into the secrets hidden beneath Mercury’s surface but also offers clues about the formation and evolution of other planets and exoplanets with similar characteristics.
Additional Information
Mercury is the second densest planet in our solar system, after Earth. Its core is primarily composed of metal.