Since the beginning of 2024, metropolitan France has recorded more than 3,000 cases of dengue, a relatively high figure. However, Santé publique France has stated that the curve has been declining over the past few weeks.
Two Record Years
Since the start of the year, over 3,000 cases of dengue have been reported in metropolitan France, establishing a new record. However, in recent weeks, a declining trend has emerged, as announced by Santé publique France on Friday. “On a national scale and especially on a global scale, the years 2023 and 2024 have been record years regarding the number of dengue cases.”, emphasized Marie-Claire Paty, coordinator of vector-borne disease surveillance within the infectious disease department of SpF, as reported by Europe1.
Between May 1, the start of the enhanced surveillance period, and August 6, Santé publique France recorded nearly 1,000 imported cases of dengue in metropolitan France. “The curve of these imported cases has been declining for the past few weeks, following the decrease in epidemics in the Caribbean and Latin America,” clarified the official during a press conference.
Indigenous Cases of Dengue and Chikungunya
As for indigenous cases, meaning individuals infected by the tiger mosquito without having traveled to an area where the virus circulates, Santé publique France reported “small transmission episodes,” with no links to the Olympic Games. Thus, one indigenous case of dengue has been confirmed in Montpellier, two others in La Colle-sur-Loup (Alpes-Maritimes), and three in Occitanie.
In July, the first indigenous case of chikungunya was reported in the Paris region. With the risk being higher in August and September, it is likely that other outbreaks will appear in the coming weeks for these two arboviral diseases, warned Marie-Claire Paty. Finally, regarding the West Nile virus, Santé publique France has recorded “three cases of infection west of Toulon” and, very recently, “a first human case in Guadeloupe.”
Potential Future Trends in Dengue and Chikungunya Cases in France
As of early 2024, France has recorded over 3,000 cases of dengue, marking a significant rise in infections. Despite this alarming figure, Santé publique France reports a recent decline in cases, indicating a possible turning point. This is particularly relevant as both dengue and chikungunya have been categorized as emerging public health concerns in metropolitan France.
Decline in Imported Cases
In the period between May 1 and August 6, nearly 1,000 imported cases of dengue were registered. With a noted decrease in the incidence of dengue in the Caribbean and Latin America, it is essential for public health authorities to remain vigilant. The declining curve of imported cases may suggest an associated reduction in local transmissions, yet the potential for future outbreaks remains, especially as seasonal patterns evolve.
Local Transmission Risks
Local transmission of dengue and chikungunya poses a significant threat, particularly as warmer months progress into late summer and early autumn. Recent reports of indigenous cases, including multiple instances in regions like Montpellier and the Alpes-Maritimes, raise concerns for public health officials. The risk of increased transmission rates during peak mosquito activity seasons necessitates ongoing monitoring and community awareness initiatives.
Emerging Strains and Continued Vigilance
Public health authorities, including Santé publique France, have identified the potential for new outbreaks, particularly as chikungunya cases emerge in urban centers such as Paris. With varying degrees of immunity within the population, there is a possibility for elevated virus circulation if conditions align. Furthermore, the emergence of West Nile virus cases indicates a need for comprehensive vector control strategies that can address multiple arboviral threats.
Implications for Public Health Strategy
The current situation underscores the importance of public health preparedness in France against vector-borne diseases. Enhanced surveillance systems, targeted community education campaigns, and robust vector control measures are vital components in navigating the challenges posed by these infectious diseases. As climate change and global travel continue to affect the spread of pathogens, proactive measures can mitigate the impact of potential outbreaks in the future.