2024-08-07 20:02:48
Source: Trend International Information Agency
Over the past century, the average surface temperature of the Earth has increased significantly, making climate change one of the most pressing global issues today. While climate change can occur naturally due to factors such as solar activity or volcanic eruptions, human activity since the 1800s has been the primary cause, leading to a sharp increase in greenhouse gas emissions. These gases trap heat and contribute to global warming.
The main cause is the burning of fossil fuels. This includes electricity generation, heating, industrial processes and vehicle emissions, which are the main sources of CO₂. Industrial activities such as cement and steel production also result in significant emissions of CO₂ and other greenhouse gases.
Deforestation and agricultural expansion are also major factors. Deforestation for agriculture, logging, and urban development reduces the number of trees that absorb CO₂. Converting forests and wetlands to farmland increases emissions and reduces the land’s ability to absorb carbon dioxide.
Speaking of agricultural activities, it can also be noted that the process of digestion of food by farm animals produces methane (Ch₄), a powerful greenhouse gas. The use of synthetic fertilizers leads to the release of nitrous oxide (N₂O), another powerful greenhouse gas.
While natural factors such as volcanic eruptions and solar activity do play a role in climate change, their impact is small compared to human activity. For example, although volcanoes emit CO₂ and other gases, their emissions are relatively small compared to those from burning fossil fuels. Likewise, changes in solar radiation have had a smaller impact on recent climate trends than human activity.
As the ice melts, the Earth’s surface becomes less reflective, absorbing more solar energy and accelerating warming. Melting ice releases methane and CO₂, further increasing global temperatures.
The impacts of climate change are widespread, affecting human health, food production, housing, safety and jobs. Vulnerable populations, particularly in small island states and developing countries, are hit hardest. Rising sea levels and saltwater intrusion have already forced populations to relocate, and prolonged droughts increase the risk of famine. More people are expected to be forced from their homes by extreme weather events in the future.
Every month of 2023 was among the warmest on record, according to NOAA’s 2023 Global Climate Report. The second half of the year (June through December) saw the hottest months on record, with July, August, and September all more than 1.0°C (1.8°F) above average.
Combating climate change requires significant financial investment from both governments and businesses. But inaction will be even more costly. A key step is for rich countries to deliver on their commitment to provide $100 billion annually to developing countries to help them adapt and transition to greener economies.
Elnur Soltanov, Deputy Minister of Energy of Azerbaijan and Director General of COP29, stressed that COP29 will focus on increasing this fund by $100 billion, which is vital for global action on climate change. He also noted that Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, which deals with carbon markets, is key. It aims to create a system in which greenhouse gas emissions reductions in one country can be traded for the benefit of others, encouraging global cooperation and financial incentives.
COP29, which will take place in Azerbaijan in November, will be a key event in shaping the next phase of global action on climate change. The outcome of this conference will influence how the international community tackles climate change, seeking to galvanize cooperation, raise ambition, and ensure fair and effective action.
Soltanov expressed optimism about the potential outcomes of COP29, stressing that the ultimate measure of success will be measurable reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. He highlighted Azerbaijan’s role in ensuring regional stability and energy security as evidence of the country’s leadership in global efforts to combat climate change. “Our goal is clear: to achieve measurable reductions in emissions that will benefit both Azerbaijan and the world,” he said, expressing confidence in the country’s ability to implement effective climate solutions.
As COP29 approaches, it is vital that everyone does their part to combat climate change. Start by reducing your energy consumption, turning off lights when not needed, and choosing energy-efficient appliances. Consider switching to renewable energy sources such as solar power. Be sustainable by minimising waste, recycling and avoiding single-use plastics. Educate others about climate change and engage with local environmental organisations. Every action counts in the fight against climate change, and together we can help protect our planet for future generations.