the colossal fortresses that challenged Felipe II

by time news

INFOGRAPHIC

The Eighty Years’ War was the last in which the sieges of large cities were the backbone of the conflict

Manuel P. Villatoro

27/02/2023

Updated 02/28/2023 at 08:53 a.m.

Those days, the last name weighed too much on Mr. Fadrique Alvarez de Toledo. At the beginning of 1573, with all the hopes of Spain on his shoulders, the general wrote to the Grand Duke of Alba in sorrow. He had not managed to subdue the square of Haarlem, …

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