2023-08-15 08:00:02
At the library of the Mathematical Institute of Orsay (Essonne), within the University of Paris-Saclay, September 17, 2021. ALAIN JOCARD / AFP
For its twenty years of existence, the Shanghai 2023 ranking, published on Tuesday August 15, delivers results without major surprises: the American Harvard University dominates the international ranking for the twenty-first time. Created in 2003 by the Chinese University Jiaotong, this ranking, which examined more than 2,500 establishments to distinguish 1,000, focuses on research activities in the hard sciences. As in 2022, Harvard is followed by two of its compatriots, Stanford University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), then by the University of Cambridge, one of the two British institutions to appear, with that of Oxford. (7th), in the first fifteen rows.
For the first time, notes the consultancy company ShanghaiRanking, responsible for the ranking since 2009, in its press release, China has more establishments in the ranking (191) than the United States (187). But with twelve of the fifteen leading names, the latter still largely predominate this hierarchy of universities.
The first non-Anglo-Saxon university to appear in the ranking is French: Paris-Saclay, which gains one place compared to 2022 and rises to fifteenth position, ahead of the American Johns-Hopkins, which gives up two places. Created in early 2020 under the new status of experimental establishment – from which it should gradually emerge to take on the status of “large establishment” by 2025 – the Ile-de-France university entered the ranking in 14th place the same year (13th in 2021), becoming the first French higher education establishment to join the top 15, all disciplines combined. The university was then directed by Sylvie Retailleau, before she was appointed Minister of Higher Education and Research in 2022.
Groupings of establishments encouraged
To rank the universities, ShanghaiRanking is based on six criteria: the number of Nobel Prize winners and Fields medalists among alumni (10% of the final score), the number of Nobel Prize winners and Fields medalists among researchers (20%), the number of most cited researchers in their disciplines (20%), the number of articles published in journals Nature et Science (20%), the number of articles indexed in Science Citation Index et Social Sciences Citation Index (20%) and, finally, academic performance in relation to the size of the institution (10%). The quality of teaching, the success rate of students or the integration rate of graduates are not among the elements considered for this ranking, which is regularly criticized for the criteria it imposes on the definition of “good” university.
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