The national player, Juan Izquierdo, fainted while playing in São Paulo: this is what happened to him

2024-08-23 16:12:58

In a recent Copa Libertadores match between Nacional and Sao Paulo, Juan Izquierdo collapsed unexpectedly. This medical emergency tested the effectiveness of protocols established for crisis situations on the playing field, highlighting the importance of a quick and coordinated response.

Experts analyze why these cases are not always predictable even with regular medical tests. Current tests, although necessary, cannot detect all the problems an athlete may have.

Gladimir Melo, a specialized cardiologist, explained to the Uruguayan media that standard studies identify possible risks in most cases, but they are not infallible. There is a small percentage of cases that go unnoticed due to previous controls.

Various factors can influence unexpected changes in a player’s body. Environmental conditions such as heat, dehydration or metabolic issues can be triggered at critical moments, affecting an athlete’s physical performance.

Juan Izquierdo’s quick response to the emergency was decisive. The timely warning of his colleagues and the quick arrival of the ambulance were crucial for immediate and effective care, following the international emergency protocol at sporting events.

Following past events in top-level football, FIFA has strengthened its protocol for dealing with on-field emergencies. This includes recognizing vital signs before any physical contact, to minimize extreme cases.

Emergency measures include training and equipment prepared at the stadium. The presence of trained personnel for immediate recognition and action is essential to successfully manage falls in the field.

What is a cardiac arrhythmia?

A cardiac arrhythmia is a change in the rhythm or frequency of the heartbeat. It can manifest as a heart rhythm that is too fast (tachycardia), too slow (bradycardia), or irregular.

Arrhythmias can be harmless or they can indicate a more serious problem in the heart or another part of the body. Some arrhythmias may cause symptoms such as palpitations, dizziness, fatigue, fainting, or difficulty breathing, while others may have obvious symptoms.

The severity of arrhythmia depends on its type and the general state of health of the individual.

Diagnosis and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias

Cardiac arrhythmias are detected through various medical tests, depending on the patient’s symptoms and health history. The most common methods of detecting and monitoring arrhythmia are:

1. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG): It is the most common test to detect arrhythmias. It records the electrical activity of the heart and helps identify the type of arrhythmia.
2. Holter monitor: It is a wearable device that is worn for 24 to 48 hours and records your heart rate. It is useful for detecting arrhythmias that do not occur during a short ECG.
3. Event Monitor: Similar to Holter, but used for a longer period of time. It is activated when the patient feels symptoms of arrhythmia.
4. Echocardiogram: It uses sound waves to create images of the heart and evaluate its structure and function, which may help identify underlying problems that may be causing the arrhythmia.
5. Stress tests: They assess the heart’s response to exercise, which may cause or reveal arrhythmias that do not occur at rest.
6. Electrophysiological study (EEF): An invasive method that involves inserting a catheter into the heart to map electrical activity and find the source of the arrhythmia.

To control and manage an arrhythmia, several options can be considered depending on its type and severity:

1. Medicines: Antiarrhythmics can help control the heart rate or rhythm. Other medications, such as beta blockers or calcium channel blockers, may also be used.
2. Lifestyle changes: Reduce consumption of alcohol, caffeine, and avoid smoking. Maintaining a healthy weight and controlling stress are essential.
3. Medical procedures:
   • Catheter ablation: A procedure to destroy areas of the heart that cause arrhythmias.
   • Cardioversion: Use medication or an electric shock to restore a normal heart rhythm.
4. Implantable devices:
   • Accelerator: It is used to treat bradycardia. This device sends electrical impulses to keep the heart beating at a normal rate.
   • Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD): It monitors heart rhythm and delivers an electric shock if it detects a serious abnormal rhythm, treating dangerous tachycardias.
5. Regular follow up: It is important to follow up with a Cardiologist to assess progress and adjust treatment if necessary.