Rising Ocean Temperatures Increase Risk of Vibrio Infections on East Coast
Scientists are warning of an increased risk of Vibrio infections along the East Coast of the United States due to rising ocean temperatures and changes in water quality. Vibrio vulnificus, a bacteria that causes severe illness, is typically active when water temperatures exceed 13 degrees Celsius (55 degrees Fahrenheit) and becomes more prevalent until temperatures reach 30 degrees Celsius (86 degrees Fahrenheit).
Karen Knee, an associate professor and water-quality expert at American University, explains that most swimming waters on the East Coast are now above 20 degrees Celsius (68 degrees Fahrenheit), which is when Vibrio becomes more infectious. This poses a significant threat to swimmers and beachgoers.
Geoffrey Scott, the chair of environmental sciences at the University of South Carolina, adds that changes in water quality are also contributing to Vibrio’s ability to cause severe illness. Nutrient flows into the ocean from wastewater, driven by coastal population growth, have contributed to the bacteria’s spread.
Previously limited to late summer, Vibrio infections are now being reported earlier and later in the year. Scott explains that the bacteria is now present from April through November, with cases even seen overwintering in North Carolina.
The increasing virulence and geographic spread of Vibrio, coupled with a lack of awareness among the public, are raising concerns. The bacteria primarily affects people with liver disease and those in an immunocompromised state, including the elderly and individuals receiving chemotherapy. Many individuals may be unaware of their vulnerability to the infection.
Although the National Shellfish Sanitation Program ensures the safety of shellfish production, no national program currently exists to warn swimmers and surfers about the presence of Vibrio in the ocean. Local knowledge is key in identifying these hazards, but in newly endemic areas, the public may not be aware of the risks.
Scientists and researchers are emphasizing the importance of raising awareness and knowledge without causing unnecessary fear or affecting coastal tourism. Brett Froelich, a microbiologist at George Mason University, advises people to be aware of the risks when swimming in coastal waters and to seek medical attention if they experience any signs of infection.
As the threat of Vibrio infections continues to grow, it is crucial for authorities and the public to work together to ensure the safety of beachgoers and promote awareness of the risks associated with rising ocean temperatures and changing water quality.